Lecture 6 - OSI Model and Protocols.pdf

Level 4 - CN4015 (Introduction to Computer Systems and Networks) LECTURE 6 – OSI Model and Protocols Module Leader: Amber Shah ([email protected]) Co-Lecturer: Awad Alyousef ([email protected]...

Level 4 - CN4015 (Introduction to Computer Systems and Networks) LECTURE 6 – OSI Model and Protocols Module Leader: Amber Shah ([email protected]) Co-Lecturer: Awad Alyousef ([email protected] ) Course Leader: Sonia Jimmy ([email protected])  Before we start: Classroom Policies Attendance 1-Reached within 15min of start time 0 – Marked Absent after 15 min + Not allowed to attend session Phone Usage Not allowed in class. Please put your phone in your bag / pocket on silent mode. Recording a video/audio or taking any picture(s) during sessions is not allowed. Eating and drinking Watching videos or playing any games by using computers/Mobile devices Moodle Student ID Assessments TCA1 – 100 Marks (50% of overall module Marks) - 18th April, 2024 @ 3.00 pm. TCA2 – 100 Marks (50% of overall module Marks) - 1st May, 2024 @ 3.00 pm. 2  Online Work Submission Naming Convention used for uploading your files for this module. StudNumber_StudentName_GroupABC_Week#Task# e.g. 76453_JohnDoe_GroupC_Week2Task1 3  You will learn today: OSI Model Protocols 4  Warm-up What is a Network? NW Types? Main Topologies? Other Topologies? NW Devices? 5  Classroom Activity 1 (Discussion) Time Allowed: 5 Min Topic: “What will happen if there is not attendance policy for our classroom?” Discuss its impact on: Students Lecturers University National Education 6  Importance of Standards.. Communication Model Communication Standards 7  Understanding Standards in General A standard is a documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria designed to be used consistently as a rule, guideline, or definition. It ensures that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose. 8  Understanding Standards in General Standards are developed by consensus (among relevant industry stakeholders, including companies, user groups, professional associations, and governments.) They play a critical role in ensuring quality, safety, and efficiency across various sectors. Standards promote innovation and interoperability. They enable the seamless integration of emerging technologies. Standards remove trade barriers and foster economic expansion. They open new markets and guarantee equitable competition. 9  Need for Networking Standards Standards address various aspects, including: data transmission methods, speed, protocols, & ensuring that devices from different manufacturers can communicate effectively. 10  Need for Networking Standards Networking standards were needed to: Ensure reliable, consistent, and interoperable communication across diverse systems and technologies. Simplify the development, deployment, and maintenance of network infrastructures. Support the global expansion of network communications, facilitating seamless international collaboration and commerce. 11  Benefits of NW Standards Simpler Inter-Operation of Equipment Cheaper NW Components Time Saved on Interfacing problems Expanding the NW Market Common Standards!!!!! Customer will have more options of buying products from different vendors 12  What If the OSI Model Didn't Exist? Without the OSI model, network systems might not work together smoothly. This could lead to more problems and slower fixes. New network technologies might be harder to develop and connect. 13  Some Standards Organisations ISO – International Organisation for Standards) IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission ITU – International Telecommunications Union IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ANSI – American National Standards Institute 14  Objective of ISO Greek Word ISOS, Meaning “Equal” Aim of Organisation: To Equalise and standardise across cultures 15 ITU Relationships 16 ITU-T Recommendations 17  Signal Categories in DTE-DCE Interface Signals Performing Control Functions Signals Transporting Data DTE – Data Terminal Equipment DCE – Data Communication Equipment 18 The Physical Path 19 Digital VS Analogue Signals 20 Ready Procedure 21 Request to Send 22 Ready to Receive, Clear to Send 23 Problems with Incompatible Interconnection Standards 24 Interconnection Using Open Standards 25  OSI – 7 Layer Model It is a design policy of NW structure to realise data communications between different terminals It is a conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven distinct layers. It divides NW functions into 7 Layers and defines standard function modules (data handling) in each layer. Each layer serves a specific function and communicates with the layers directly above and below it. Also called as “OSI basic Reference Model” or “OSI Layer Model” 26 OSI – 7 Layer Model 27 OSI – 7 Layer Model 28 29 OSI Reference Model 30 For Example…. 31 32  Data created by the transport layer of the source is called as Segment. The transport layer of the destination also analyses the segment. 33 Names & IP Addresses 34 Protocols 35 Brain Teaser 36 Brain Teaser 37 What is Protocol? 38  Basic Protocols/Types Ethernet (Star, Bus) Token Ring (Ring) 39 Protocol Suite / Stack 40  Routable VS Non Routable Protocols NW Layer of the OSI Model is responsible for moving the data across multiple NWs, and Routing is possible with the help of Routers. Not All Protocol Suites operate at the NW Layer. Routable / Routed Protocols: Protocol Suites that functions at the NW Layer Non-Routable Protocols: Any Protocols that does not work on the NW layer. 41  Because Routing operates at the NW Layer. The Routable or non routable attributes applies primarily to the protocols that operate on this layer. 42 43 44 45 NW Protocols: 46 Transport Protocols: 47 Application Protocols: 48 Common Protocol Suites 49 Common Protocol Suites 50 OSI Model VS TCP/IP 51 NW Address Location 52 53 IP Address 54 55 56 57 Message Transmission 58 59 Mobile IP 60  Recap: Importance of Standards? Role of ISO in standards? OSI & ISO.. NW Access 7 Layer OSI Model and its importance.. Protocols and basic types of Protocols.. Protocol Suites.. IP Addressing and its importance. 61  Next Week’s Topic Introduction to Media 62  Useful Links https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25705/communication-protocol [ What are communication Protocols] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ly8ikWtAY7s [Communication Protocols – a Video Guide ] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0y6FtKsg6J4 [ OSI Model – a video guide ] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vv4y_uOneC0 [ 7 Layers of OSI Model - Animation] 1. 63