Lecture 6 Data Collection.pdf

Data Types and Collection Methods Dr. K. Karunamoorthi M.Sc., M.Phil., DPHM., Ph.D., FRES (London)., Faculty of Public Health & Tropical Medicne Jazan University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Email: [email protected] Phases in the Data Collection Process Three main stages can be distinguished:  P...

Data Types and Collection Methods Dr. K. Karunamoorthi M.Sc., M.Phil., DPHM., Ph.D., FRES (London)., Faculty of Public Health & Tropical Medicne Jazan University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Email: [email protected] Phases in the Data Collection Process Three main stages can be distinguished:  Phase 1: Permission to proceed  Phase 2: Data collection  Phase 3: Data handling Phase 1: Permission to Proceed  Consent must be obtained from the;  Authorities:  Individuals  Community  Organizing meetings at national or provincial level, at district and ‫ في‬،‫قاطعات‬/‫ستوى الوطني أو ا‬/‫تنظيم اجتماعات على ا‬ .‫نطقة وعلى مستوى القرية‬/‫ا‬ at village level.  Clinical studies: Written informed consent. Phase 2: Data Collection When collecting our data, we have to consider: • Logistics: who will collect what, when and with what resources • Quality control WHEN should the Data be Collected? Consideration should be given to: • Availability of research team members, • The appropriate season(s) to conduct the field work, • Accessibility and availability of the sampled population, and • Public holidays and Vacation periods. Ensuring Quality It is extremely important for the reliable and valid, Otherwise it may lead to false or misleading conclusions. • Prepare a field work manual for the research team • Selection of appropriate research assistants - from the same educational level; • Train research assistants - Interview techniques • Pre-test research instruments and research procedures • Strict supervision – Larger survey • Interviewers to check whether the questionnaire is filled in completely Phase 3: Data Handling  Collected Data should be; – Checked for completeness and accuracy, – Clear procedure should be developed for handling and storing them.  Questionnaires are to be numbered; – identify the person who will be responsible for storing the data; – and how they are going to be stored. Basic Survey Types Surveys can be administered in a number of ways:  Face to face  Telephone  Self-administered 8 9 Data Collection Tools  Participatory Methods  Records and Secondary Data  Observation  Surveys and Interviews  Focus Groups  Diaries, Journals, Self-reported Checklists  Expert Judgment  Delphi Technique (It is an excellent way to gather feedback and reach a consensus among many experts. it can predict future risks and opportunities). IPDET © 2009 Different Approaches for Data Collection/Data Analysis  Experiment  Participant Observation  Survey  Ethnography (systematic study of people and cultures.).  Quasi-Experiment  Secondary Data Analysis  Content Analysis  Historical Comparative Methods (Archival Analysis )  Individual Qualitative Interview  Textual Analysis  Focus Group Discussion Data Analysis Secondary Data Analysis  A type of research in which data collected by others are reanalyzed. Primary Data Analysis  Original analysis of the data collected in a study. Meta-Analysis  ‘Analysis of analysis’  Quantitative procedure for summarizing or integrating the findings obtained from a literature.  Uses the results of individual research projects on the same topic as data points for a statistical study of the topic. Secondary Data Analysis ADVANTAGE  Saves cost for data collection.  Saves time required for data collection.  May obtain data otherwise impossible. Secondary Data Analysis.., DISADVANTAGE  Data collected may not be suitable for the researcher’s purposes. (Validity)  All necessary data may not be available in existing data.  Requires time to search for the data set.  Original data set may not be accurate.  Existing data sets may contain more variables than what the researchers need. Need time to sort out the data.