Trematodes Revision PDF

Dr. Naglaa Fathy Professor of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University  Final host: Intermediate host (IH): Reservoir Host: Diagnostic stage Infective stage : Mode of infection  Trematodes According to Habitat Intestinal Trematodes: Lung trematod...

Dr. Naglaa Fathy Professor of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University  Final host: Intermediate host (IH): Reservoir Host: Diagnostic stage Infective stage : Mode of infection  Trematodes According to Habitat Intestinal Trematodes: Lung trematodes: 1. Heterophyes 1. Paragonimus. Liver trematodes: 1. Fasciola. Blood trematodes: 1. Schistosoma Life cycle in human trematodes  Trematodes (flukes) worm Fasciola Man Definitive host Reservoir Sheep and cattle Habitat Biliary passages Diagnostic stage Egg: Immature, operculated, thin-shelled, yellowish brown, 140 X70 µm Intermediate 1st : Lymnaea snail in fresh water host 2nd : vegetable (watercress) Infective stage Encysted meatcercaria on vegetable Mode of Ingestion of encysted metacercaria in vegetable infection Disease 1. Acute stage: fever 2. chronic stage: jaundice, anemia 3. Halzoon diagnosis 1. Detection of eggs in stool & in DA, 2. Detection of specific abs & ags in serum Treatment Triclabendazol orally. 5 Control 1. Thorough wash of vegetable 2. snail control 3. cooking of liver  Trematodes (flukes) worm Heterophyes Man Definitive host Reservoir Cats, dogs and brds Habitat In between villi of small intestine Diagnostic Egg: mature, operculated, thick-shelled, ovoid, golden yellow, 30X15 stage µm Intermediat 1st : Pirenella snail in brackish water ehost 2nd : fish (Bolty & Boury) Infective Encysted meatcercaria fish muscles underneath scales satge Mode of Ingestion of encysted metacercaria in under-salted or under-cooked fish infection Disease 1. Enetritis 2. Myocarditis due to embolised eggs diagnosis 1. Detection of eggs in stool. Treatment Praziquantel Control 1. Thorough cooking of fish 2. sanitary disposal of fishermen excreta. 6 11/8/2024  Trematodes (flukes) worm Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma hematobium Man Definitive host Reservoir none Habitat Veins draining large intestines Veins draining urinary tracts Diagnostic stage mature, ovoid egg with lateral spine Mature, ovoid, egg with terminal 150X70µm spine,150X70µm Intermediate host Biomphalaria snail Bulinus snail Infective stage Free swimming cercaria Mode of infection Free cercaria penetrate skin immediately after bathing in water Disease 1.Cercarial dermatitis, 2.Katayama 1.Cystitis, ureteritis fever 2.Dysuria and hematuria. 3.Bloody diarrhea, 4.Anemia 3.Anemia 5.Periportal fibrosis: 4.Carcinoma of U. bladder a)Portal hypertension, b)Splenomegaly, Ascites diagnosis Detection of egg in stool, detection Detection of egg in urine, detection of specific abs & ags in serum of specific abs & ags in serum Treatment Oral Praziquantel 7 Control 1.Mass treatment of human cases. 2.Snail control3.Sanitary disposal of sewage