Lecture 4 - Types of Translation PDF

Lecture # 4  By the By the type of translation text approach By the By the translator Medium Types of Translation  The Functions o...

Lecture # 4  By the By the type of translation text approach By the By the translator Medium Types of Translation  The Functions of The Language Jacobson (1960) made some modifications of Buhler’s (1934) main functions of language. Main Functions The Expressive Or The Descriptive or Informative The Vocative, the Directive The Subjective The Objective The Persuasive The “I” form The “It” Form The “You” form Autobiography Political Speeches, and letters Poetry Textbooks Religious speeches and Novels lectures Newspaper Short Stories Academic writing. Drama Classification of the First Category Translation Methods (Approaches) 1.Intralingual Translation : The transfer of a certain message by interpreting verbal signs by employing other signs in the same language. For example, to explain something to a child , you can put it into a different form in the same language using synonyms. Intelligent=Smart Beautiful=Pretty ‫الريب=الشك‬ 2.Interlingual Translation (Translation Proper) This applies to the actual process of translation from one language to another. It involves the transfer of verbal signs by using signs of some other language. Examples: Book = ‫كتاب‬ man = ‫رجل‬ 3.Inter-semiotic Translation The transfer of verbal signs by means of non-verbal signs between two semiotic systems. (see P.16-17) Example : 4.Word-for-word Translation: The translator sticks to the source text word order overlooking the syntactical features of the TL. (The sentence is grammatically incorrect). Usage :useful in syntactic analysis of foreign languages to show equivalence and position of each word in ST. Example : 1\ST\ I read a book yesterday. TT:. ‫أنا قرأت كتابا ً أمس‬ 2\ST\ She is wearing pink dress. TT:.‫هي تكون ترتدي وردي فستان‬ 5.Literal Translation: It involves word-for-word translation, and the meaning of words is derived straight from the dictionary while keeping TL grammar and word order intact.(P.18) Usage : Useful in translating technical and scientific texts. Examples: 1-ST\The man in the green suite is my friend..‫ الرجل الذي يرتدي بدلة خضراء صديقي‬: TT 2- ST\I read an interesting book yesterday.. ‫ قرأت كتابا شيقا ّ باألمس‬:TT 3-ST\Ahmed went to the library last week..‫ ذهب أحمد إلى المكتبة األسبوع الماضي‬:TT  Practice: Translate the following sentences implementing the following translation methods : A) I know this important information. Word-for-word:……………………….. Literal:…………………………. B) I won`t tell any body about it. Word-for-word:……………………….. Literal:…………………………. C).‫ذاك الطفل ذكي‬ Word-for-word:……………………….. Literal:…………………………. D).‫هيتاشي عالمة تجارية معروفة جيدا‬ Word-for-word:……………………….. Literal:…………………………. 6.Semantic Translation : It aims at transferring the exact contextual meaning of the source text, governed by the semantic and syntactic structure of the target language, i.e. the translator sticks to the ST ignoring the real usage in the target culture. Usage : mainly used in literary and religious texts. Example: 1\ ST\‫يوم لك ويوم عليك‬ TT: A day for you, a day against you. (because it is grammatically and semantically correct ,but not used in the TL) TT: One day you win another you lose. OR (You win some, you lose some.) 2\ST: I cannot remember where I left my keys. TT:.‫نسيت المكان الذي تركت فيه مفاتيحي‬ 7.Communicative Translation: It refers to the type of translation that makes the target text as close as possible to the source text, functionally and pragmatically. Therefore, it is reader-oriented. Usage : mainly in translating informative and vocative texts, such as : Textbooks , newspapers ,and academic writings , political speeches or letters ,religious speeches and lectures. For example : ST: Nice hair cut ! TT: !!‫نعــــــيما‬ ST: ‫تشرفت بمعرفتك‬ TT: Nice to meet you. 8. Free Translation: It is unbounded. It is a translation in which equivalence freely move up and down the rank scale. It produces the TL text without the style, form, or content of the original, and it includes normal word order and syntax, so that the translation can be naturally understood. It preserves the meaning of the original but uses natural forms of the target language Example: 1-He likes reading. ‫هو مثقف‬ 2- Get the hell out\You know the way out. ‫أرحل‬  WO RD-FO R-WO RD FREE (UNGRAM M AT ICAL – CO M M UNICAT IVE (UNBO UNDED – L IT ERAL ) L IT ERAL SEMANT IC (BO UND-FREE ) FREE) Respects SL form Respects TL Copying the contextual Makes the TL as close as Natural use and Structure form and meaning of the SL , possible to the SL, of TL word Structure governed by the semantic functionally and order and and syntactic structure of pragmatically syntax. the TL.(synonym) Relies on Relies on In favor of SL culture and In favour of TL culture and preserves dictionary meaning dictionary context. context the meaning meaning of the SL useful in syntactic useful in useful in translating useful in translating Useful in analysis of foreign translating Expressive and subjective informative and vocative translating languages to show technical and texts ,such as: literary , texts, such as: literary texts equivalence and scientific texts. and religious texts. Textbooks , newspapers and works. position of each ,and academic writings , word in ST. political speeches or letters ,religious speeches and lectures. TL –Oriented Approach to translation. SL –Oriented Approach to translation  Translation Methods SL-Oriented Methods TL-Oriented Methods Translation Word -for- Literal Semantic Communicative Free Approach word 1.Example ST\(E-A) She runs through the book pages. TT ‫هي تجري خالل الكتاب‬ ‫إنها تمر بسرعة على صفحات‬. ‫تتصفح الكتاب بسرعة‬.‫تمر مرور الكرام على صفحات الكتاب‬ ‫تأخذ فكرة عامة عن محتوى‬. ‫صفحات‬. ‫الكتاب‬.‫الكتاب‬ 2.Example ST(A_E). ‫انتهى االجتماع‬ TT Ended the The meeting The meeting is We are done. You can leave. meeting. ended. over. 3.Example ST\(E-A) She had a new baby. TT ‫هي ملكت جديد‬.‫لديها مولد جديد‬.‫أنجبت مولودا جديدا‬.‫رزقها هللا مولودا جديدا‬.‫أصبحت أما‬.‫مولود‬ 4.Example ST(A_E). ‫إنها الساعة التاسعة والنصف‬ TT It is the clock It is half past The class ends. We are done. We have to leave. nine and half. nine. 5.Example ST\(E-A) I am scared to death. TT ‫أنا أكون خائف إلى‬.‫أنا خائف حتى الموت‬. ‫أنا مذعور‬.‫أنا أرتعد خوفا‬.‫ابق معنا‬..‫الموت‬ Exercises: Translate the following English sentences into Arabic and apply all of the methods of translation (word-for-word _ literal _ free _ semantic): A- He likes reading word-for-word\ Literal \ Semantic\. Free\ B- ‫جيراني طيبون‬ word-for-word\ Literal\ Semantic \ Free\. C- I did not understand the lesson. word-for-word\ Literal\. Semantic\ Free \ 2- Identify the translation approach used in the following Arabic translations of this sentence (word-for-word _ literal _ free _ semantic): 1\ ST:I won’t tell anyone about it..‫ أنا سوف ال أخبر أي أحد عنها‬:TT(1).‫ لن أخبر أي أحد عنها‬:TT)2(. ‫ سأبقي األمر سرا‬TT:)3(.‫ لن أخبر أحدا بهذا األمر‬:TT)4(.‫ الكتب باهظة الثمن اليوم‬: ST \ 2 1) TT: People rarely buy books today. 2)TT: Books expensive price today. 3) TT: Books are very expensive today. 4) TT: Books are not cheap today.