Medical Terminology Lecture 3 and 4 PDF

Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Prefix for numbers Prefix Meaning Example Definition of the example Prim/i First Primitive Occurring first in...

Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Prefix for numbers Prefix Meaning Example Definition of the example Prim/i First Primitive Occurring first in time Mon/o One Monocular Pertaining to one eye Uni- One Unicellular Composed of one cell Hemi- Half; one side Hemisphere One half of a rounded structure Semi- Half; partial Semisolid Partially solid Bi- Two, twice Bicuspid A tooth with two points (cusps) di- Two, twice Dimorphous Having two forms (morph/o) Having two sets of Dipl/o Double Diploid chromosomes One of three offspring produced Tri- Three Triplet in a single birth Quadr/i- Four Quadrant One-fourth of an area Tetra- Four Tetrahedron A figure with four surfaces Multi- Many Multiple Consisting of many parts Substance composed of many Poly- Many, much Polysaccharide sugars 22  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 1. What does the medical prefix 'uni-' mean? A. Two B. One C. Three D. Four 2. What does the medical prefix 'bi-' mean? A. Four B. Three C. Two D. One 3. What does the medical prefix 'tri-' mean? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 4. What does the medical prefix 'quadri-' mean? A. Three B. Two C. One D. Four 5. What does the medical prefix 'poly-' mean? A. One B. Two C. Many D. Half 6. The term 'multicellular' refers to what? A. A single cell B. Two cells C. Many cells D. Half a cell 23  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 7. 'Bilateral' refers to which of the following? A. Involving one side B. Involving two sides C. Involving three sides D. Involving four sides 8. 'Unilateral' refers to which of the following? A. Involving one side B. Involving two sides C. Involving three sides D. Involving four sides 9. 'Tricuspid' refers to a structure with how many parts? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 10. 'Quadriplegia' refers to paralysis of how many limbs? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 24 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Prefix of colors Prefix Meaning Example Cyanosis = bluish coloration of skin due to Cyan/o- Blue lack of oxygen Erythr/o- Red Erythrocytes = red blood corpuscles = RBCs White. Leukoplakia=white patches in mouth Leuk/o- Colorless Leukocytes. Melan/o- Black, Dark Melanocyte = Dark cell produce melanin Xanth/o- Yellow Xanthoderma = yellow coloration of skin 25  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Negative prefixes Prefix Meaning Example a- or an without  Anaerobic == without oxygen  Apnea = stopping breathing Anti Against  Antipyretic = Against fever Contra Against  Contraception = prevention of pregnancy De- Down, Without Depilatory = agent used to remove hair Absence. Removal. Dis- Dissect = separate or removal (tissue) separation In- / im- Insignificant=not important Un- Not Unconscious=not responsive Non- Noninfectious=not able to spread disease 26  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 1. Erythrocyte is another term for which type of cell? A. Black cell B. Red cell C. White cell D. Blue cell 2. Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops from which cells? A. Black cells B. Red cells C. White cells D. Blue cells 3. Cyanosis refers to a condition that turns the skin what color? A. Black B. Red C. White D. Blue 27  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Prefixes for Direction Prefix Meaning Example Definition of the example Ab- Away from Abduct To move away from the middle Ad- Toward; near Adhere To attach or stick together Dia- Through Dialysis Separation (-lysis) by passage through a membrane Per- Through Percutaneous Through the skin Trans- Through Transfusion Introduction of blood or blood components into the bloodstream 28  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program What does the medical prefix 'sub-' mean? A. Above B. Below C. Equal D. Opposite What does the medical prefix 'supra-' mean? A. Above B. Below C. Equal D. Opposite What does the medical prefix 'anti-' mean? A. Above B. Below C. Equal D. Opposite In the term 'subcutaneous', where is the location referred to? A. Above the skin B. Below the skin C. Equal to the skin D. Opposite the skin The term 'supraorbital' refers to a location where? A. Above the orbit of the eye B. Below the orbit of the eye C. Equal to the orbit of the eye D. Opposite the orbit of the eye 29  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Antiviral refers to a substance that does what? A. Enhances viruses B. Is below viruses C. Is equal to viruses D. Opposes viruses Prefixes for time and/or position Prefix Meaning Example Ante Before ✓ Antenatal = before birth Predisposing =leading toward condition pre-. pro Before. In front of Prodrome=symptoms that preceeds disease post- After. behind Postmenopausal =after menopause En In = Inside Encephalon = in the skull = (brain) end Inside , inner , within Endocarditis = inflammation of endothelial layer of the heart epi Upon , over Epidermis = outer layer of the skin ex- out Expectorant= drug that expels sputum out of the bronchial tree Para- Beside Around , near Paraplegia = paralysis of half of the body (right /Left) Per Through Percutaneous = through skin Retro Behind, backward Retropertoneum = behind peritoneal sac Trans - across Transabdominal = incision across abdominal cavity 30  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Prefixes for degree Prefix Meaning Example Over, Excess, Hyper- Abnormally high, Hyperventilation =excess breathing Increased Hypo- Decreased, Under, Below Hypoxia = decreased oxygen in tissue Oligomenorrhea = scanty menstrual flow Olig/o- Scanty, Few (men/o) Pan- All Panacea = remedy cures all ills (cure all) Super- Above, Excess Supernumerary = in excess number 31 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 1. What does the prefix 'hyper-' mean? A. Above, over B. Under, below C. Before D. Forward, favoring 2. What does the prefix 'hypo-' mean? A. Above, over B. Under, below C. Before D. Forward, favoring 3. What does the prefix 'ante-' mean? A. Above, over B. Under, below C. Before D. Forward, favoring 4. What does the prefix 'pre-' mean? A. Above, over B. Under, below C. Before D. Forward, favoring 5. What does the prefix 'pro-' mean? A. Above, over B. Under, below C. Before D. Forward, favoring 6. The term 'hypothermia' refers to what condition? A. Overly high body temperature B. Underly low body temperature 32  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program C. Before normal body temperature D. Favoring normal body temperature 7. An 'antecedent' is something that comes when? A. Above or over something else B. Under or below something else C. Before something else D. Forward or favoring something else Defining Medical Words Here are the three basic rules for defining medical words using the example term Osteoarthritis. Rule #1 Define the suffix, or last part of the word. In this case, -itis, which means inflammation. Rule #2 Define the first part of the word (which may be a word root, combining form, or prefix). In this case, the combining form Osteo means Bone. Rule #3 Define the middle parts of the word. In this case, arthr/ means Joints. When you analyze Osteoarthritis following the three previous rules, the meaning is revealed as: Inflammation (of) +Bone+ Joints 33  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Question 1 The four elements used to form words are (Complete) a) ……………………………………………………. b) ……………………………………………………. c) ……………………………………………………. d) ……………………………………………………. Question 2 Identify the following statements as true or false. If false, rewrite the statement correctly a) A combining vowel is usually an e. b) A word root links a suffix that begins with a consonant c) combining form links multiple roots to each other d) A combining form links a suffix that begins with a consonant e) To define a medical word, first define the prefix f) word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel 34  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Question 3 A. Identifying suffixes and provide its correct meaning Suffixes Meaning Tonsilitis …….. …………. Splenomegaly ………. ………….. Hepatoma …….. …………. B. Identifying Prefixes and provide its correct meaning Prefix Meaning Hyperglycemia …….. …………. Prenatal ………. ………….. Cyanosis ………. ………. Leukopenia ………. ………. Postprandial …….. …….. Hyponatremia ………. ………. 35 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Part 2 Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment 36  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Part 2 Medical Terms Related to Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Objectives After study of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the main methods used in examination of a patient. Name possible routes of drug administration. Define basic terms pertaining to medical examination, diagnosis, and treatment. Identify and use the roots and suffixes pertaining to diagnosis and surgery. Body Structures Directional Terms Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front of the body Posterior (Dorsal) Toward the back of the body Superior Above Inferior Below 37 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Proximal nearer to the point of attachment or from a given reference point Distal farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point Medial toward the midline of the body Lateral toward the side of the body Superficial close to the surface of the body Deep close to the center of the body Which term describes a location closer to the point of attachment or a given reference point? A. Proximal B. Distal C. Medial D. Lateral What is the term for a location farther away from the point of attachment or a given reference point? A. Proximal B. Distal C. Medial D. Lateral Which term refers to a position closer to the side of the body? A. Proximal B. Distal C. Medial D. Lateral What is the term for a position closer to the surface of the body? A. Proximal B. Distal C. Superficial D. Deep 38 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Body cavities