Lecture 2.2 - Bone Markings of the Skull PDF

Fall semester, 2024 BIOLOGY 218: Introductory Anatomy LS-ANATO 219: Functional Anatomy I Lecture 2.2 – Bone Markings of the Skull Rachael Allen, PhD. University of Missouri-Kansas City Bone Markings: Articulating surfaces Occipital condyle of Atlanto-occipit...

Fall semester, 2024 BIOLOGY 218: Introductory Anatomy LS-ANATO 219: Functional Anatomy I Lecture 2.2 – Bone Markings of the Skull Rachael Allen, PhD. University of Missouri-Kansas City Bone Markings: Articulating surfaces Occipital condyle of Atlanto-occipital joint occipital bone Between occipital condyles of occipital bone and Superior articular facet of atlas superior articular facets of atlas  External acoustic meatus of temporal bone Bone Markings: Articulating surfaces and Projections for tendon and Mandibular fossa ligament attachment of temporal bone Temporomandibular joint The only mobile joint of the skull, between mandibular fossa of temporal bone and the head of the condylar process of the mandible Head of Condylar process of mandible External acoustic meatus Neck of of temporal bone is the Condylar process opening of the ear canal of mandible leading to the ear drum Articular tubercle Styloid process of temporal bone of temporal bone Angle of mandible Bone Markings: Articulating surfaces Temporomandibular joint A fibrocartilage pad divides the joint cavity into two compartments Ligaments: - Temporomandibular ligament (Articular tubercle of zygomatic bone to neck of condylar process of mandible) - Stylomandibular ligament (Styloid process of temporal bone to angle of mandible) - Sphenomandibular ligament (Spine of sphenoid bone to edge of mandibular foramen of mandible)  TMJ Spine of sphenoid Articular tubercle of zygomatic Styloid process of temporal Mandibular fossa of temporal Angle of mandible  External occipital protuberance and Bone Markings: Projections for tendon and ligament attachment Superior nuchal line of occipital Masseter muscle (a mastication muscle) attaches from Zygomatic arch to Ramus of mandible Zygomatic arch Stylohyoid muscle (a muscle that moves the hyoid) attaches from Styloid process of temporal to Hyoid Sternocleidomastoid (a major neck muscle) Attaches to Mastoid process of temporal from clavicle and sternum Trapezius attaches from External occipital protuberance and Superior nuchal line of occipital bone and covers the upper back Mastoid process of temporal Styloid process of temporal Ramus of mandible Bone Markings: Depressions and Projections Temporal fossa is filled with the temporalis muscle which attaches to Coronoid process of mandible Teeth sit in sockets called alveolae within the alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, covered by gums Coronoid process of mandible Temporal fossa Alveolar process of maxilla bone Alveolar process of mandible Bone Markings: Depressions Cranial fossae are where the brain sits on the cranial base Anterior cranial fossa: Ethmoid, Frontal, Sphenoid Middle cranial fossa: Parietal, Sphenoid, Temporal Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone is a Posterior cranial fossa: Occipital, Parietal, Temporal depression that the pituitary gland sits Bone Markings: Openings and spaces Cribriform plate of ethmoid Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone transmits olfactory nerves for sense of smell Optic canal of sphenoid Superior orbital Optic canal of sphenoid carries optic nerve for vision fissure of sphenoid Superior orbital fissure, Foramen rotundum, and Foramen ovale of sphenoid bone carry the Foramen rotundum three branches of the Trigeminal nerve for face of sphenoid sensation and innervation of mastication muscles Foramen ovale of sphenoid Foramen spinosum of sphenoid carries middle meningeal artery that supplies blood Foramen to the meningeal membranes spinosum of sphenoid Bone Markings: Openings and spaces Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone transmits Vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve for sense of hearing and balance and Facial nerve for Innervation of facial expression muscles Jugular foramen between Jugular foramen lies between temporal bone temporal bone and occipital bone carries internal jugular vein and occipital bone from the brain as well as three cranial nerves Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone carries Hypoglossal nerve innervating tongue muscles Foramen magnum of occipital bone carries the spinal cord Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone Foramen magnum of occipital bone Bone Markings: Projections and Openings Palatine process of maxilla Palatine process of maxilla and Horizontal plate of palatine form the hard palate Horizontal plate of palatine Carotid canal of temporal bone carries the internal carotid artery to the brain and lies just anterior to the jugular foramen Carotid canal of temporal perpendicular plate of ethmoid Jugular foramen between temporal bone Vertical plate and occipital bone of vomer Perpendicular plate of ethmoid and Vertical plate of vomer form the bony nasal septum Bone Markings: Projections and Openings Stylomastoid foramen of temporal bone carries Facial nerve which innervates Foramen ovale facial expression muscles of sphenoid Also illustrating already mentioned bone markings in a different view Foramen spinosum Styloid process of temporal of sphenoid Hypoglossal canal Stylomastoid foramen of occipital of temporal Mastoid process of temporal Foramen magnum of occipital External occipital protuberance of occipital Superior nuchal line of occipital