Lecture 12 - Economic System of Pakistan (Part 2) PDF

WEEK 10 Economic system of Pakistan (Part 2)  CONTENTS Agriculture in Pakistan  The role and importance of agriculture in Pakistan’s economy  Issues and challenges  Recommendation and solutions https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31836...

WEEK 10 Economic system of Pakistan (Part 2)  CONTENTS Agriculture in Pakistan  The role and importance of agriculture in Pakistan’s economy  Issues and challenges  Recommendation and solutions https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318362943_Agriculture_in_Pakistan_and_its_Impact_on_Econ omy-A_ Review Industry in Pakistan  The role and importance of industry in Pakistan’s economy, causes of backwardness https://www.learningall.com/importance-of-industrial-sector-in-economic-development/#:~:text=Industrial%20Sector%20provides %20employment%20to,both%20skilled%20and%20unskilled%20labour.&text=Pakistan%20is%20a%20developing%20country,rate%20is %201.573%25%20in%202011. Imports & Exports of Pakistan  INTRODUCTION  Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economies of least developing countries (LDC) like Pakistan. Agriculture is a fundamental part of Pakistan’s economy. Pakistan’s agricultural contribution to Gross Domestic Product GDP is 21% with an annual growth of 2.7%. Agriculture provides an employment opportunities for 44% of the labor force and 62% of the rural population depend upon this sector for their livelihood.  Agriculture is an important sector in which our modes of life and business innovativeness combine together. It has manifold roles in the economy of any nation and these roles including food security, poverty reduction, industrial revolution and economic growth especially in developing countries.  Agriculture is that where basic and economic reproductions intertwine with each other. The significance of agriculture can be seen in economic sector from three perspectives, 1) to provide food to nation and filaments for domestic industry; 2) means of earnings foreign exchange; and 3) provide goods and services in domestic industries and international market.  …  The Pakistan’s total area is 796,095 km2 , about 22 million are cultivated and 8.3 million are non-cultivated land. Pakistan blessed with natural resources and covered many ecological and climatic zones. The major natural resources of Pakistan are arable land and water.  Pakistan is a diverse country in its geography and wildlife. Climate alters from northern arid high desert 5000 meter altitude to southern coastal sub-tropical. Pakistan is semi-industrialized economy with well integrated agricultural sector. Only 21.2 million hectares are cultivated from total area of 79.6 million hectares.  Almost 80% of cultivated area is irrigated. The country has world’s biggest adjoining irrigation system (Indus River System).  Pakistan is one of the largest producers of wheat, cotton, sugarcane, mango, dates, oranges and rice in the world.  Major crops (wheat, cotton, rice and sugar cane) provide 6.5% whereas minor crops 2.3% of the country are GDP.  Fisheries and forestry add 0.4% and 0.2% to the GDP respectively.  Despite its remarkable agricultural production, the country is striving with huge levels of food insecurity. According to World Food Program, more than 48% of the population was struggling with food insecurity.  The continuous rise in population and agricultural production is placing high demands of water resources. Most of the water resources of the country are being used by agriculture sector whereas a very small amount is being given for domestic and industrial use.  …  Agriculture/Farming is the term used to describe the act of growing crops and raising livestock for human consumption and use. Animal husbandry  Types Agronomy Horticulture Forestry Animal husbandry Fishery science Horticulture Fish farming Forestr  CROPPING SEASONS  Pakistan has two cropping seasons: 1. "Kharif" being the first sowing season starting from April-June and is harvested during October- December. Rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize, moong, mash, bajra and jowar are “Kharif" crops. 2. "Rabi", the second sowing season, begins in October-December and is harvested in April- May. wheat, gram, tobacco, rapeseed, barley and mustard are examples of Rabi crops.  ISSUES AND CHALLENGES  Irrigation Problems  Inappropriate & Insufficient Infrastructure  Salinity and Water Logging  Traditional Methods of Farming  Insufficient Supply of Agriculture Inputs  Lack of Cultivated Area  Financial Condition of Farmers (refer to the given link given in content section for details)  RECOMMENDATIONS AND SOLUTION FOR AGRICULTURE PROBLEMS  Pakistan should construct dams and barriers over river because floods and heavy rains could damage the agriculture productions.  Mostly farmer are illiterate and untrained in rural areas, so government should open education program centers for farmer and trained them about farming.  There are no price policies for farmers to get reasonable prices in crops so government should maintain logical prices of production to set living standard for farmers  Pakistan should invest and use latest machinery to overcome the agricultural problems and in this way they can boost production’s quantity and quality.  Agriculture sectors i.e., livestock, fisheries and poultry should be based on industries so government should recover these sectors.  Government should establish research centers to overcome the agriculture problems. In Pakistan there is no high yield variety of seeds so government should require (HYV) of seeds at low prices.  Government should control water logging and salinity issue because it is destroying the crops, and for it they should repair tube wells and cannels.  Pakistan should improve irrigation system and introduce agriculture zones.  Government should make new policies and programs to overcome the agricultural problems.  Industry in Pakistan  The role and importance of industry in Pakistan’s economy, causes of backwardness Available at: https://www.learningall.com/importance-of-industrial-sector-in-economic-development/#:~:text=Industrial%20Sector %20provides%20employment%20to,both%20skilled%20and%20unskilled%20labour.&text=Pakistan%20is%20a %20developing%20country,rate%20is%201.573%25%20in%202011. The Industrial and Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan  https://www.slideshare.net/AhsanFarooq20/industrial-manufactur ing-sector-of-pakistan CONCLUSION & Q/ANSWERS