Lecture 11 (Collective) - SOC2101 PDF

Attendance SOC2101 Lecture 11 Dr. Francisco Olivos  Family Social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups for care for one another, including any children Other family related issues Divorce...

Attendance SOC2101 Lecture 11 Dr. Francisco Olivos  Family Social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups for care for one another, including any children Other family related issues Divorce Why the increasing trend? Line chart generated with ChatGPT using official statistics. https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/data/stat_report/product/FA100055/att/B72201FB2022XXXXB0100.pdf Other family related issues Divorce The literature, not with total agreement, that: 1. Individualism is in the rise 2. Romantic love fades 3. Women are less dependent on men 4. Many of today’s marriages are stressful 5. Divorce has become socially acceptable 6. Legally, divorce are easier to get Line chart generated with ChatGPT using official statistics. https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/data/stat_report/product/FA100055/att/B72201FB2022XXXXB0100.pdf Remarriages and Blended Family Singlehood Singlehood is usually seen as temporary, but it has becoming a choice. Singlehood Involuntary Discussion https://www.circlesurrogacy.com/ Example of service https://www.hkarc.com.hk/Price_List_en.html Available on Netflix Discussion (final exam level) Divide the class into small groups and assign each group a perspective to debate: 1. Functionalist perspective: How does assisted reproduction help fulfill family functions? 2. Conflict perspective: How might it reinforce social inequalities? 3. Symbolic interactionist perspective: How do people involved (parents, children, donors) define their roles? Content Collective behavior Crowds Mass Behavior Types of social movements Explaining social movements Collective behavior It is the action of some collectivity. Collectivity: A large number of people whose minimal interaction occurs in the absence of well-defined and conventional norms. Collective behavior It is the action involving a large number of people that is unplanned, often controversial, and sometimes dangerous. Collectivity: A large number of people whose minimal interaction occurs in the absence of well-defined and conventional norms. EXAMPLES? Collective behavior Localized collectivity or collective behavior: people physically closed to one another, as in the case of crowds and riots. Exam level question What is the difference with social groups? Difference with social groups At least three big differences: 1. People in collectivities have little or no social interaction. 2. Collectivities have no clear social boundaries. 3. Collectivities generate weak and unconventional norms. Crowd Crowd A temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another. Blumer identified (1969) 1. Casual crowd: Loose collection of people. 2. Conventional crowd: Result from a deliberate planning. 3. Expressive crowd: Forms around an event with emotional appeal. 4. Acting crowd: Collectively motivated by an intense, single-minded purpose. Crowd A temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another. Blumer identified (1969) 1. Casual crowd: Loose collection of people. 2. Conventional crowd: Result from planning and clear norms. 3. Expressive crowd: Forms around an event with emotional appeal. 4. Acting crowd: Collectively motivated by an intense, single-minded purpose. Crowd A temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another. Blumer identified (1969) 1. Casual crowd: Loose collection of people. 2. Conventional crowd: Result from a deliberate planning. 3. Expressive crowd: Forms around an event with emotional appeal. 4. Acting crowd: Collectively motivated by an intense, single-minded purpose. Crowd A temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another. Blumer identified (1969) 1. Casual crowd: Loose collection of people. 2. Conventional crowd: Result from a deliberate planning. 3. Expressive crowd: Forms around an event with emotional appeal. 4. Acting crowd: Collectively motivated by an intense, single-minded purpose. Mobs Mobs A highly emotional crowd that purposes a violent or destructive goal. Riots In 1967, Hong Kong's Protesters Were Communist Sympathizers - The New York Times Riots A social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. In contrast to a mob, a riot usually has no clear goal, except perhaps to express dissatisfaction. Cautionary message 1. Mass media and political actors often label social movements as a strategy to diminish their perceived power, organization, and objectives. 2. Sometimes, activist give sense and goals to the riots after they happen to legitimize their actions. 3. Riots can become social movements. 4. As social scientists, we have to use the right categories and understand the complexities. Collective behavior Disperse collectivity or mass behavior: People who influence one another despite being spread over a large area. Did you know that the professor…? Rumor and Gossip Fashion and Fads Rumor and Gossip Rumor: Unconfirmed information that people spread informally, often by word of mouth or using social media. Gossip: Rumor about people’s personal affairs. Two more examples: Fashion and Fads Fashion: A social pattern favored by a large number of people. Oversized clothing Two more examples: Fashion and Fads Fad: Unconventional social pattern but people embrace it briefly but enthutistically. Information Fantasies - Journal #96 Fashion reflects cultural values, so tend to be more durable. Fad reflects the public imagination. Social movements Collective actions involve a large number of people that is often unplanned, spontaneous, and occurs in the absence of well- defined and conventional norms. However, when such actions evolve into more organized forms, they can give rise to social movements. Social movements Organized activity that encourages or discourages social change Types of social movements Alternative Redemptive Social Social Movement Movement Reformative Revolutionary Social Social Movements Movement Types of social movements Types of social movements Alternative Redemptive Social Social Movement Movement Reformative Revolutionary Social Social Movements Movement Types of social movements Alternative Redemptive Social Social Movement Movement Reformative Revolutionary Social Social Movements Movement Alternative Social Movement Types of social movements Alternative Redemptive Social Social Movement Movement Reformative Revolutionary Social Social Movements Movement Redemptive Social Movement Types of social movements Alternative Redemptive Social Social Movement Movement Reformative Revolutionary Social Social Movements Movement Reformative Social Movements Types of social movements Alternative Redemptive Mao's China: 1949-1976 - East Asia Resource CenterEast Asia Resource Center Social Social Movement Movement Reformative Revolutionary Social Social Movements Movement Revolutionary Social Movement Explaining Social Movements Deprivation Theory Mass-Society Theory Culture Theory Resource-Mobilization Theory Structural-Strain Theory Political-Economy Theory New Social Movements Theory Deprivation theory People experiencing relative deprivation begin social movements. The social movement is a means of seeking change that brings participants greater benefits. Social movements are especially likely when rising expectations are frustrated. Mass-Society Theory People who lack established social ties are mobilized into social movements. Periods of social breakdown are likely to spawn social movements. The social movement gives members a sense of belonging and social participation. Primary ties replaced by secondary ties. Culture Theory People are drawn to a social movement by material resources and also cultural symbols that define some cause as just. The movement itself tries to become a symbol of power and justice. Mass media contributes to the mobilization by dissemination of impactful images and videos. Resource-Mobilization Theory People may join for all the reasons noted for the first three theories and also because of social ties to existing members. But the success or failure of a social movement depends largely on the resources available to it—money, human labor, access to the mass media, communication equipments. Also important is the extent of opposition within the larger society. Structural-Strain Theory Six factors that encourage the development of Revolutions of 1989 - Wikipedia social movement. 1. Social conduciveness: People come together because of their shared concern. 2. Structural strain: Relative deprivation. 3. Growth and spread of an explanation: Clear statement about causes and solutions. 4. Precipitating factors: Discontent followed a event that sparks protests. 5. Mobilization for action: with shared concern, they are ready to take action. 6. Lack of social control. Political-Economy Theory Marxist political economy. People unite to address the societal ills caused by capitalism, including unemployment, poverty, and lack of health care. Social movements are necessary because a capitalist economy inevitably fails to meet people’s basic needs. Class struggles is the main resource of social movements. New Social Movements Theory People who join social movements are motivated by quality-of-life issues, not necessarily economic concerns. Mobilization is national or international in scope. New social movements arise in response to the expansion of the mass media and new information technology. SOC2101 Lecture 10 Dr. Francisco Olivos