Pharmaceutics 1 Lecture 1 (Introduction) PDF

Field of Pharmacy Sciences Bachelor of Pharmacy-PharmD (Clinical Pharmacy Program) Pharmaceutics 1 (PPH203) Lecture: 1 (Introduction) Assoc. Prof. : Mohammad Yehia Date: 04 /10 /2023  Pharmaceutics 1 Liquid Dosage forms Course Instructors Dr. Mohamed Yehia...

Field of Pharmacy Sciences Bachelor of Pharmacy-PharmD (Clinical Pharmacy Program) Pharmaceutics 1 (PPH203) Lecture: 1 (Introduction) Assoc. Prof. : Mohammad Yehia Date: 04 /10 /2023  Pharmaceutics 1 Liquid Dosage forms Course Instructors Dr. Mohamed Yehia & Dr. Ibrahim komeil  Pharmaceutics 1 100 Quizzes Mid-term Practical Class work Final 5 15 20 10 50 References Learning outcomes After finishing this lecture, the student should be able to: 1. Define solutions and liquid dosage forms. 2. List reasons for the incorporation of drugs into various dosage forms. 3. Identify the different types of liquid dosage forms. 4. Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms compared to other dosage forms  Introduction to liquid dosage forms Definitions: A drug substance: it is the unformulated drug substance that may subsequently be formulated with excipients to produce the dosage form. ▪ It is an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease in humans or in animals. e.g.: Drugs may be used to reduce pain, fever, blood pressure, Drugs are used to treat common infections. To facilitate administration of the drug by the selected routes, appropriate dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, injections, suppositories, ointments, aerosols, and others, are formulated and prepared.  Dosage forms: Dosage forms are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients). ▪ Dosage forms can be in the form of liquid, semi-solid or solid Definition Drug product: The dosage form in the final immediate packaging intended for marketing. Excipient: Anything other than the drug substance in the dosage form Excipients are non-medicinal agents that have specialized pharmaceutical functions. Selective use of these excipients, also known as pharmaceutical ingredients produces dosage forms of various types. The pharmaceutical ingredients can have several functions: solubilize, suspend, thicken, dilute, emulsify, stabilize, preserve, color, flavor, and produce medicinal agents in the form of effective and appealing dosage forms.  Liquid Dosage forms are homogenous preparations containing one or more active ingredients in suitable vehicle.  According to the size and nature of soluble or dispersed phase Solutions Colloids Suspensions Emulsions Disperse systems solutions can be defined pharmaceutically as “liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents”  Advantages of Solutions as an Oral Dosage Form 1. Easier to swallow than solids (acceptable for pediatrics and geriatrics) 2. Doses are equal each time the patient administer the drug (homogenous system) 3. The therapeutic response of drugs in solutions is faster than if using a solid dosage form. 4. For drugs that irritate the gastric mucosa such as aspirin (particularly if localized in one area), irritation is reduced by the administration of a solution. Disadvantages of Solutions as an Oral Dosage Form 1. The stability of ingredients in aqueous solution is often poorer than if formulated as a tablet or capsule, particularly if they are susceptible to hydrolysis. 2. Solutions often provide suitable media for the growth of microorganisms (preservatives must be added) 3. Liquids are bulky and therefore inconvenient to transport and store. 4. Accurate dosage depends on the ability of the patient to use a 5 mL spoon or a volumetric dropper. 5. Taste of a drug - which is usually unpleasant - is always more pronounced when in solution than in a solid form. Components of a Pharmaceutical Solution Solution: Homogenous one-phase system consisting of two or more components. Solution consists of: Solute: The component that gets dissolved in the solvent Solvent: The medium in which solute dissolves