Deraya University Pharmaceutical Dosage Form I Lecture 1 PDF

 Pharmaceutical dosage form I PT213 Lecture 1 ( Dispersion systems, solution dosage form)  Course description This course is a study of the system of weights, measures, mathematical expertise and pharmaceutical calculations requisite to the compounding, dispens...

 Pharmaceutical dosage form I PT213 Lecture 1 ( Dispersion systems, solution dosage form)  Course description This course is a study of the system of weights, measures, mathematical expertise and pharmaceutical calculations requisite to the compounding, dispensing, and utilization of drugs in pharmacy practice. It is also concerned with all formulation aspects, packaging, storage and stability of liquid dosage forms including solutions (aqueous and non-aqueous), suspensions, emulsions and colloids with emphasis on the technology and pharmaceutical rationale fundamental to their design and development. The incompatibilities occurring during dispensing are also considered.  Aims of the course 1.Educating liquid dosage forms such as solutions and disperse systems. 2.educating specifications of liquid dosage forms. 3.Demonstrating factors affecting formulation design. 4.participating the role of formulation design and additives in maintaining the stability of the dosage forms and the bioavailability of drug. 5.Utilizing basic science to maintain quality attributes of the selected products.  Evaluation Final exam : 75 marks Practical: 30 marks ( 5 marks behavior, 25 marks two practical exams) Assignment :10 marks Oral discussion of assignment : 15 marks Semester work: 20 marks ( two quizzes in forth and seventh week (20 marks) and oral discussion in lectures (10 marks)  Assessment methods 20 marks Midterm exam Quiz I : 20/10/2024 10 marks Semester Quiz 2 : 10/11/2024 10 marks, and oral discussion in lectures (10 marks) work (the best two of them will be considered) 10 marks Assignment A report for each student individually Deadline for submitting reports 1/11/2024 30 marks ( 5 marks behavior, 25 marks two practical exams) Practical exam Practical exam 1 10/11/2024 12.5 marks Practical exam 2 29/12/2024 12.5 marks Oral discussion of 15 marks; discussion of assignment assignment Final Written 75 marks  Disperse Systems Dispersed systems consist of at least two phases: the substance that is dispersed known as the dispersed (or) internal phase, and a continuous (or) external phase. Based on the particle size of the dispersed phase, dispersions aregenerally classified as molecular dispersions, colloidal dispersions, and coarse dispersions.  Liquid dosage forms polyphasic Monophasic suspension Emulsion colloid solution  Solutions Solutions: solutions are clear liquid preparations containing one or more active ingredients dissolved in a suitable vehicle  Suspensions Suspensions (Solid in liquid dispersion): liquid preparations containing one or more active ingredients suspended in a suitable vehicle. Emulsions (liquid in liquid dispersion): emulsions are two phase system in which one liquid is dispersed throughout another liquid in the form of small particles.  Advantages of solution dosage form 1. Easier to swallow 2. More quickly effective than solid dosage forms 3. Homogenous 4. The dose of the drug substance can be easily and conveniently adjusted by measuring a different volume. 5. If given orally, liquid dosage forms are rapidly available for absorption than tablets and capsules.  Advantages of solution dosage form 6. Liquid dosage forms (for oral use) are the most suitable dosage form for patients who have difficulty taking tablets or capsules, as might be the case with pediatric or geriatric patients. 7. They are attractive in appearance and gives beneficial psychological effects. 8. Drugs with bitter and unpleasant taste can be given in sweetened, colored and flavored vehicles.  Disadvantages of solution dosage form 1. Liquid dosage forms are usually more susceptible to chemical degradation when compared to solid dosage forms. 2. They are bulky and therefore inconvenient to transport and store. 3. Accidental breakage of the container results in loss of whole dosage form. 4. The shelf-life of a liquid dosage form is often much shorter than that of the corresponding solid preparation due to low stability.  Disadvantages of solution dosage form 1. Solution often provides suitable media for microbial growth and may, therefore, require the incorporation of a preservative. 2. Liquid dosage forms e.g., vaccines may require special storage conditions 3. The taste of a drug which is usually unpleasant is always more prominent when in solution than in a solid form.  Dispersed system: Dispersed system Particle size Molecular Colloidal Coarse dispersion dispersion dispersion 1 µmsize< 1 nm  Water is the most common solvent for pharmaceutical solutions, but ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol or other liquids may be used, depending on the product requirements. To be an appropriate solvent, the liquid must completely dissolve the drug and other solid ingredients at the desired concentration, be nontoxic and safe for ingestion or topical application, and be acceptable to the patient in terms of appearance, aroma, texture, and/or taste. Solutions  Classification of solution dosage forms A: According to the solvent used 1- aqueous 2- Non-aquoeous  Classification of solution dosage forms B: According dissolution of the solute in the solvent There are three types as follows: Saturated Solution: The solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent is known as a saturated solution. Supersaturated Solution: The solution in which more solute is dissolved than required to make a saturated solution is known as a supersaturated solution. Unsaturated Solution: The solution in which more solute can be dissolved in the solvent to make it a saturated solution is known as an unsaturated solution.  Aqueous solutions Advantages: Water is the solvent most widely used as a vehicle for pharmaceutical products. physiological compatibility lack of toxicity. It possesses a high dielectric constant, which is essential for ensuring the dissolution of a wide range of ionizable materials The big disadvantage of water is lack of selectivity which can be responsible for aqueous solutions containing unwanted substances such as inorganic salts and organic impurities.