Lecture 1 - Introduction to Plumbing - BUPS111.pdf

BUPS111 – Building Utilities: Plumbing and Sanitary Systems I. INTRODUCTION PLUMBING – is the ART and SCIENCE of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge...

BUPS111 – Building Utilities: Plumbing and Sanitary Systems I. INTRODUCTION PLUMBING – is the ART and SCIENCE of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases, and other substances out of the buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy, and sanitary way to ensure health and sanitation of life and property. PLUMBUM – latin for Lead – a metal used as plumbing material by the Romans; malleable and resistant to acid PLUMBARIUS – an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome II. HISTORY OF PLUMBING PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD – water supply from rainwater, springs, well, rivers, or creeks; waste disposal through bodies of water ROMAN EMPIRE - created complex ancient plumbing systems along with aqueducts, underground sewers, and bronze piping systems; a fatal misstep took place around 200 B.C. when Roman engineers used lead pipes to replace the system already in place. The lead pipes contained toxins that contaminated the water, causing numerous deaths from lead poisoning. THERMAE – private or public roman bath house AQUEDUCT – structures used to convey a water stream from freshwater source, such as lake or spring, across a hollow or valley to a city MIDDLE AGES – after the fall of the Roman and Greek empires, plumbing technology came to a standstill until many decades later. During this time, water sanitation and sewage systems caused many hygiene issues and diseases, such as the Black Plague, typhus fever, and dysentery. RENAISSANCE PERIOD – toilets and pipes began to be installed INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION o 17TH CENTURY - English Parliament passed the first plumbing apprentice law - New York City created a network of hollow logs to transport water o 18th CENTURY - France starter building water service facilities - most large cities in Europe and the US began to build pipe systems for personal use at home AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 1  BUPS111 – Building Utilities: Plumbing and Sanitary Systems III. PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES SPANISH COLONIZATION o Birth of plumbing was traced back to the 17th Century as Spaniards established the walled city “Intramuros” as a model community o The Friar Engineers who built the government buildings, residential and other structures, incorporated European standards in their plumbing installations o During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Filipino plumbers were assigned the task of maintaining, repairing, and/or remodeling plumbing systems in all “pueblos” or towns including churches, convents, and government buildings. ▪ “Illustrados” – recognized plumbers AMERICAN COLONIZATION o 20th Century – arrival of the American soldiers, engineers, Thomasite teachers, doctors, and evangelists ▪ Health and hygiene became priority when epidemics including cholera, leprosy, schistosomiasis, and other contagious diseases engulfed the Philippines o 1902 – Plumbing trade was duly recognized by the government ▪ Master Plumber John F. Hass – 1st Chief of Division of Plumbing Construction ▪ City of Manila was the model community ▪ Plumbing Code of the US was incorporated into the Building Code for the City of Manila 1935 – 1935 Philippine Constitution and Philippine Commonwealth o National Master Plumber Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was organized and registered with SEC ▪ Department of Public Services of the City of Manila was created by an Act of Congress, initiated by NAMPAP ▪ City Ordinance 2411, “The Plumbing Code for the City of Manila” was enacted ▪ Plumbing was placed under the Department of Public Services AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 2  BUPS111 – Building Utilities: Plumbing and Sanitary Systems ▪ National Government, through the Bureau of Public Works, and other cities and municipalities adopted the Plumbing Code of Manila 1954 – approved House Bill No. 962, law regulating the practice of master plumbing in the Philippines June 18, 1955 – House Bill No. 962 became a law, R.A. 1378 “Plumbing Law of the Philippines”, signed by President Ramon Magsaysay January 28, 1959 – creation of National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA) 1966 to 1969 - the Board of Examiners for Master Plumbers and the NAMPAP prepared a Curriculum for Plumbing Engineering that was approved by the Department of Education and was first introduced at the Feati University November 28, 1967 – First Amendment to the National Plumbing Code was approved, Asbestos-Cement Pipe as an approved plumbing material Before Martial Law in 1972 - Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the “Building Code of the Philippines” was passed with the “National Plumbing Code of 1959” as referral code in full text 1996 – NAMPAP President JAIME M. CABASE spearheaded the updating of the Revised National Plumbing Code December 21, 1999 – adoption of the Revised Plumbing Code of the Philippines, signed by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law IV. FUNDAMENTALS OF PLUMBING SYSTEM a. Objectives of Plumbing i. To supply water to different parts of the building ii. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of building into the public sewer or septic tank b. Conditions for an Effective Water Supply in Building i. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture ii. To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 3  BUPS111 – Building Utilities: Plumbing and Sanitary Systems c. Drainage System should Accomplished the following: i. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage and stoppage of drains ii. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the house from the piping system d. Mandatory Requirements for a Drainage System i. That, all pipe joints must be well fitted and tightly connected with each other to prevent leakage of gas and liquid. ii. That, the drainage Pipe should be graded or inclined properly for a downward gravity flow of water towards the main sewer line or to the septic tank iii. That, the drainage pipe should be provided with adequate cleanout, accessible for repair in case of stoppage. iv. The drainage system must be provided with ventilation pipe that will convey gases to the atmosphere where it can do no harm to human health. v. That, except for water closet, each fixture shall be provided with suitable trap that will prevent flow of gases. vi. That, the drainage system must be vented, to avoid siphonage or back flow of the water seal. e. Plumbing System Components i. Water Supply and Distribution System ii. Sanitary Drainage and Disposal System iii. Storm Drainage System iv. Plumbing Fixture v. Fire Protection System vi. Fuel and Gas Piping System AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 4  BUPS111 – Building Utilities: Plumbing and Sanitary Systems f. Drainage System Solid Waste – discharged by water closet Liquid Waste – coming from various fixtures other than the water closet Soil Pipe – pipes that convey solid waste Waste Pipe – pipes that convey liquid waste Drainage Installation or DWV System o D – drainage of solid waste o W – waste coming from various fixtures other than the water closet o V – ventilation of the piping system AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 5