Lecture 1 Fluid Power - Mechanical Engineering Department

▐ Course Data ▪ Course Title :Hydraulic Systems and Equipment's. ‫أنظمة ومعدات هيدروليكية‬ ▪ Course Code : MPE324 ▪ Specialization : Mechanical Power Engineering ▪ Course Type : Compulsory ▪ Study Year : Third Year ▪ Teaching Hours/Week : Lecture :3 Tutorial :2...

▐ Course Data ▪ Course Title :Hydraulic Systems and Equipment's. ‫أنظمة ومعدات هيدروليكية‬ ▪ Course Code : MPE324 ▪ Specialization : Mechanical Power Engineering ▪ Course Type : Compulsory ▪ Study Year : Third Year ▪ Teaching Hours/Week : Lecture :3 Tutorial :2 1 ▐ Instructors and TA ▪ Prof.Dr.Ahmed Maged Osman ▪ Dr. mohamed Saber Sokar ▪ Dr.Mohamed Abdelrahman 2 ▐ Course Aims For students undertaking this course, the aims are to know: 1. Understand the applications of the fluid equipment and machines. 2. Have knowledge of the fundamentals and main components of hydraulic circuits including, pumps, valves and actuators. 3. know how to control the power required from the pumps and hydraulic motors 3 ▐ Course Contents Week no. Topics 1 Introduction to fluid power 2 Physical Principles and fluid properties 3 Positive displacement pumps 4 Positive displacement pumps 5 Hydraulic cylinders 6 Hydraulic motors 7 Directional control valves 9 Pressure control valves 10 Flow control valves 11 Types of hydraulic circuits for different machines 12 Logic Element Technology ‘’Cartridge (logic) Valves’’ 13 Accumulator hydraulic circuits 14 Hydrostatic transmission systems Open and closed loops 4 ▐ References 1. books ▪ Anthony Esposito Fluid Power with Applications ▪ Michael J. Pinches and John G. Ashby Power Hydraulics 2. Website www.youtube.com www.google.com http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com 5 ▐ Software 6 ▐ Grading (125 degree) ▪ Quizzes During Lectures and Tutorials (5 degree) ▪ Attendance ( 5 degree) ▪ Oral and Practical Reports (15 degree) ▪ Mid-Term (20 degree) ▪ Final (80 degree) 7 Introduction to fluid power Faculty of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department ▐ Introduction ▪ Since the beginning of era, man has needed to lift and move heavy objects 9 ▐ Power Transmitting ▪ All machines require some type of power source and a way of transmitting this power to the point of operation. ▪ Mechanical ▪ Electrical ▪ Fluid 10 ▐ What is Fluid Power? ▪ Fluid power is the technology that deals with generations, control , and transmission of energy-using pressurized fluid. “the fluid power is the muscle that moves industry “ The only two types of this transmission are 1- hydraulics 2- pneumatics ▪ Fluid flow is created by internal pressure differences, fluid flow transmits energy throughout the system. 11 ▐ Concepts of Fluid Power ▪ Fluid power systems are generally grouped under two broad classifications: ▪ 1- Hydraulics, and ▪ 2- Pneumatics ▪ Hydraulics:Field of studying liquid movements and its applications in practical use. Oil is usually used as a working medium. ▪ Pneumatics: Filed of studing gases or air movements and its applications in practical use. Air is usually used as a working medium. 12 ▐ Concepts in Fluid power ▪ A Pump is the heart of any hydraulic system. It is operated via a prime mover (Electric or combustion) to develop a fluid flow, in order to transfer mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. ▪ A Compressor is the heart of any pneumatic system. It is operated via a prime mover (Electric or combustion) to develop a gas/air flow, in order to transfer mechanical energy into pressure energy. 13  ▐ Fluid Systems Fluid Fluid Transport Power System System Delivery of fluid from one location to Performing work another location such as in Pumping Station , Pipe Networks , Cross Country Gas Line. 14 Examples of Fluid power systems Hydraulic jack landing gear hydraulic system vehicle’s hydraulic brake system 15 ▐ Fluid power system Fluid Mechanical Power Mechanical Power Power 𝑇×𝜔 System 𝑇×𝜔 Or 𝑃×𝑄 𝐹×𝑉 16 ▐ Fluid power system ▪ A hydraulic power system consists of a prime mover turning a pump to delivers a fluid, which is transmitted through lines to an actuator that performs work. Prime mover 17 ▐ Functions of Fluid Power Systems ▪ Fluid power systems perform five functions during operation: ▪ Energy conversion Fluid distribution ▪ Fluid control Work performance ▪ Fluid maintenance 18 ▐ Hydraulic verses pneumatic systems ▪ Comparisons of hydraulic and pneumatic systems may be done by analyzing: Property Hydraulic Pneumatic Operating pressure High operating Less pressures than pressures hydraulic Accuracy of High Intermediate accuracy actuator movement Actuator speed Slow Faster Component weight Heavy and strong Lighter in weight System cost High Low to moderate Environmental dirty clean 19 ▐ Advantages of Fluid Power Systems ▪ Advantages of both hydraulic and pneumatic systems include easy control of: ▪ Force ▪ Torque ▪ Speed ▪ Power ▪ Direction of actuators movements 20 ▐ Basic fluid power system components ▪ Fluid power systems are structured using component groups that perform specific system functions: ▪ Power unit group ▪ Actuators group ▪ Conductors group ▪ Control valves group ▪ Fluid maintenance group 21 ▐ Basic System Components ▪ Power unit group deals primarily with energy conversion and it consists of; – Prime mover: Electric motors or internal combustion engines are most often the prime movers – Pump or Compressor: produces the fluid flow – Reservoir or receiver: to store system fluid, it also contributes to system temperature control and fluid cleaning. Self-contained power units 22 ▐ Basic System Components ▪ Actuators group ▪ Performs the work of the system ▪ Cylinders and motors are used in both hydraulic and pneumatic systems ▪ Cylinders produce linear motion ▪ Motors produce rotary motion – Motion is created when pressurized fluid moves an internal part of the actuators from a high pressure area toward a low pressure area. 23 ▐ Basic System Components ▪ Control valves group ▪ Controls fluid pressure, flow direction, and flow rate ▪ Three groups of valves: Directional control valves ▪ Vary the direction of movement of cylinders and motors ▪ Change fluid flow paths to and from the actuators Pressure control valves ▪ Control pressure in a fluid power system ▪ Restrict fluid flow into a part of the system ▪ Allow fluid to return to a low pressure area after a desired pressure is reached Flow control valves ▪ Control fluid flow rate in a system ▪ The size of an orifice is adjusted to change flow 24 ▐ Basic System Components ▪ Conductors group ▪ Conductors distribute and Transmit fluid throughout the system ▪ Consists of: Pipes or Tubes Hoses 25 ▐ Basic System Components ▪ Fluid maintenance group ▪ Fluid maintenance devices: Filters Separators Lubricators ▪ Maintains system fluid by removing dirt and contaminates, moisture, and excessive heat (condition the fluid) ▪ Assure effective system performance and acceptable service life 26 ▐ Hydraulic system operation- 01 ▪ Movement of oil originates at the pump ▪ Low pressure at the pump inlet causes oil to pass through a filter as it flows from the reservoir into the pump ▪ High pressure at the pump outlet forces oil to the directional control valve and on to the actuator 27 ▐ Hydraulic system operation- 02 ▪ System work is performed by the actuator ▪ Pressure control valves limit pressure in the system ▪ Flow control valves control the speed of actuator movement. ▪ Oil is returned to the reservoir to be recirculated through the system. 28 ▐ Application of fluid power ▪ Industrial (Fixed) application 29 ▐ Factory Automation 30 ▐ Oil drilling 31 ▐ Constructions 32 ▐ Agriculture 33 ▐ amusement 34 ▐ Aerospace 35  Thanks for your attention 36