Lecture-1-COSC-101_Computer-Graphics.pdf

Computer Graphics Prepared by: Mr. John Carlo H. de Leon College of Engineering and Information Technology  Graphics Areas Graphics is defined as any sketch...

Computer Graphics Prepared by: Mr. John Carlo H. de Leon College of Engineering and Information Technology  Graphics Areas Graphics is defined as any sketch or a drawing or a special network that pictorially represents some meaningful information. Computer Graphics is used where a set of image needs to be manipulated or the creation of the image in the form of pixels and is drawn on the computer. The graphics area is the part of the application where you create and modify drawing entities. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Types of Computer Graphics ❖Raster Graphics: In raster graphics pixels are used for an image to be drawn. It is also known as a bitmap image in which a sequence of image is into smaller pixels. Basically a bitmap indicates a large number of pixels together. ❖Vector Graphics: In vector graphics, mathematical formulae are used to draw different types of shapes, lines, objects and so on. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Raster Graphics vs VectorGraphics College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Education and Training: Computer-generated model of the physical, financial and economic system is often used as educational aids. Model of physical systems, physiological system, population trends or equipment can help trainees to understand the operation of the system. ❖For some training applications, particular systems are designed. For example Flight Simulator. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Use in Biology: Molecular biologist can display a picture of molecules and gain insight into their structure with the help of computer graphics College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Computer-Generated Maps: Town planners and transportation engineers can use computer-generated maps which display data useful to them in their planning work. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖ Architect: Architect can explore an alternative solution to design problems at an interactive graphics terminal. In this way, they can test many more solutions that would not be possible without the computer. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Presentation Graphics: Example of presentation Graphics are bar charts, line graphs, pie charts and other displays showing relationships between multiple parameters. Presentation Graphics is commonly used to summarize. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Computer Art: Computer Graphics are also used in the field of commercial arts. It is used to generate television and advertising commercial. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Entertainment: Computer Graphics are now commonly used in making motion pictures, music videos and television shows. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Visualization: It is used for visualization of scientists, engineers, medical personnel, business analysts for the study of a large amount of information. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Educational Software: Computer Graphics is used in the development of educational software for making computer-aided instruction. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Application of Computer Graphics ❖Printing Technology: Computer Graphics is used for printing technology and textile design. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Graphics Systems College of Engineering and Information Technology  INPUT Devices ❖Physical: Keyboard, mouse, tablet, touch pad, touch screen, data glove, camera, light pen, wand, joystick, joyswitch, trackball, spaceball, microphone, speech recognizer, etc. ❖Logical: String, locator, pick, choice, valuator, stroke. College of Engineering and Information Technology  OUTPUT Devices ❖Examples: CRT display, LED display, LCD display, Plasma display, printer, plotter, e-paper, hologram generator, film recorder, sound recorder, speaker, robot arm, etc. ❖2-D output devices are either vector devices, which physically draw line segments (like a plotter), or raster devices, which display a grid of colored pixels (picture elements). The resolution of a raster display is written as width × height. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Graphics Primitives ❖Graphics Primitive is a basic object that is essential for the creation or construction of complex images. ❖Pixel is a point of light. It is just one tiny dot on the raster displays. Though it has no structure, it is definitely a building block and hence it can be considered as the graphics primitive. The resolution of CRT is related to the dot size, the diameter of a single dot. ❖Line, especially straight lines, constitute the basic building block of Line graphs, bar and pie charts, two and three-dimensional graphs of mathematical functions, engineering drawings and architectural plans. In computer graphics, straight line is so basic in creating images that we call it a graphics primitive. College of Engineering and Information Technology  ❖Polygon is a closed area of image bounded by straight or curved lines and filled with one solid color. Since images are two dimensional, a polygon is a closed planar figure. A polygon, is an important graphics primitive. ❖Display file is a set of uncorrelated data, such as a histogram array or bivariate array. The arrays are filled event by event from a list data in order to create a display. The saved arrays usually take up far less disk space, but can the data can no longer be gated. ❖Frame buffer The video output device which drives a video display from the memory buffer containing a complete set of data is known as frame buffer. The image is stored in terms of pixel by pixel. The memory can be discs, Integrated circuits etc., College of Engineering and Information Technology  ❖Display control - This controls the view of the image so that the user can view the Image from desired angle and desired magnification. ❖The display processor read the data from the frame buffer and convert it into corresponding 1's and 0's according to there pixels and then put it on to a monitor screen. The display processor do this work 30 times per second to maintain a steady picture on the screen, and if we want to change the picture on the screen then we have to change the contents of frame buffer. ❖Line generation - In mathematics and computer science an algorithm is a step by step procedure for making calculations. Algorithms are made for calculation, data processing and automated reasoning. College of Engineering and Information Technology  ❖Graphics software is a program or set of programs that enables us to manipulate the visual images on computer system. ❖Points are used throughout graphics as building blocks for more complicated shapes. ❖Polygons are used in computer graphics to compose images that are three-dimensional in appearance. College of Engineering and Information Technology  ❖Text primitive - With the Text graphics primitive, we can insert text at any position in two- or three dimensional Mathematical graphics. The text will be given in the graphic's base style. ❖Windowing and clipping - In computer graphics any object that is larger than the computer screen cannot be seen through the monitor i.e., window. ❖A viewport is a rectangular viewing region in computer graphics, or a term used for optical components. College of Engineering and Information Technology  What is Graphic Communication? ❖Graphic communications is an umbrella term that encompasses the entire creative and production process for creating any kind of visual communication. This can range from a billboard or magazine, to a t-shirt, catalog, packaging, website or video. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Major Applications of Computer Graphics ❖Computer Art - Using computer graphics we can create fine and commercial art which include animation packages, paint packages. These packages provide facilities for designing object shapes and specifying object motion. Cartoon drawing, paintings, logo design can also be done. ❖Computer Aided Drawing - Designing of buildings, automobile, aircraft is done with the help of computer aided drawing, this helps in providing minute details to the drawing and producing more accurate and sharp drawings with better specifications. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Major Applications of Computer Graphics ❖Education - Computer generated models are extremely useful for teaching huge number of concepts and fundamentals in an easy to understand and learn manner. Using computer graphics many educational models can be created through which more interest can be generated among the students regarding the subject. ❖Training - Specialized system for training like simulators can be used for training the candidates in a way that can be grasped in a short span of time with better understanding. Creation of training modules using computer graphics is simple and very useful. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Major Applications of Computer Graphics ❖Visualization - Today the need of visualize things have increased drastically, the need of visualization can be seen in many advance technologies , data visualization helps in finding insights of the data , to check and study the behavior of processes around us we need appropriate visualization which can be achieved through proper usage of computer graphics ❖Image Processing - Various kinds of photographs or images require editing in order to be used in different places. Processing of existing images into refined ones for better interpretation is one of the many applications of computer graphics. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Major Applications of Computer Graphics ❖Machine Drawing - Computer graphics is very frequently used for designing, modifying and creation of various parts of machine and the whole machine itself, the main reason behind using computer graphics for this purpose is the precision and clarity we get from such drawing is ultimate and extremely desired for the safe manufacturing of machine using these drawings. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Major Applications of Computer Graphics ❖Graphical User Interface - The use of pictures, images, icons, pop-up menus, graphical objects helps in creating a user friendly environment where working is easy and pleasant, using computer graphics we can create such an atmosphere where everything can be automated and anyone can get the desired action performed in an easy fashion. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Additional Applications of Computer Graphics ❖Entertainment - Computer graphics are used in creating cartoon animation films, video games as well as television shows. ❖Education - Models can be created using computer graphics. These models can then be used to teach a variety of concepts and fundamentals. ❖Image processing - It’s used in editing and processing images to be used in various places. ❖Medical imaging - Computer graphics are used in generating body and brain scans. ❖Graphical interface - It’s used in creating environments where everything can be automated. College of Engineering and Information Technology  Fundamentals Techniques in Computer Graphics ❖Computer graphics techniques that increase the richness of a visual rendering include advanced shading methods, lighting, texture mapping, translucency, and atmospheric effects. 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