LECTURE 1 cardiovascular system.pdf

LECTURE 1 Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 Cardiovascular system 1 Dr. Nancy Haydar [email protected] [email protected] 1 Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 The anatomy and physiology of the:...

LECTURE 1 Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 Cardiovascular system 1 Dr. Nancy Haydar [email protected] [email protected] 1 Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 The anatomy and physiology of the: Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Gastrointestinal system Urinary system Reproductive system Lymphatic system The physiological basis for the: Immune response Acid and base balance Regulation of body fluids 2  Why HAP2 is important for you Chiropractor Midwife Pharmaceutical Salesperson Sonographer Dietician Exercise Physiologist Audiologist General Practitioner Physical Education Teacher Paramedic Physical Therapist Nurse Health Project Officer Clinical Trials Coordinator Physiotherapist Research Scientist Health and Fitness Consultant Dentist Speech Pathologist Podiatrist Health Educator Surgeon Sports and Exercise Scientist Anatomist Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioner Rehabilitation Counsellor Radiographer Osteotherapist Personal Trainer Pharmacist Occupational Therapist Optometrist Health Sciences Lecturer Biomedical Engineer Secondary/Tertiary Tutor Sports Psychologist 3  Delivery of Course Material LECTURES OPAL QUIZZES LIVE (WILL BE RECORDED) PRE-PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES ASSESSMENTS AVAILABLE THE WEEK BEFORE F2F and ONLINE THE LIVE PRACTICAL PRACTICALS PHIZ QUIZZES 6 x F2F and 2 x Lectorials 4  Course Overview HAP2 is worth 10 credits = 10 hours/week Each week you will be expected to: – Attend one 2 hour lecture (Monday 8am-10am) – Work through ~ 1 hour worth of Pre-practical activities – Participate in one 2 hour practical – Study independently or in groups for ~5 hours Listening to recorded lectures Using OPAL and PHIZ quizzes Studying lecture notes Completing short answer questions prior to practicals Completing assessments Revising practical content 5  HAP2 Practicals What? Practicals are learning activities which include 2 main components – 1. Asynchronous Pre-Practical activities – where you will be required to watch videos based on cadaveric specimens and models, and lightboard concept tutorials. You will need to work through your practical notes and answer questions. (0.5 – 1.5 hrs) – 2. F2F Practical session with a supervisor and a demonstrator – where you will have short quizzes (non-assessable), the opportunity to ask questions and be able to work through the notes with your tutor. (2 hrs) When? Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday, Thursday (check your timetable) Where? Anatomy Laboratories (24.G.61 or 24.G.83) Who? Experienced academics who have taught HAP2 for many years Why? Practicals aim to enhance and reinforce lecture material. Practicals provide an opportunity for students acquire knowledge using a self-guided approach and to have a pro-active learning experience.  OPAL and PHIZ Quizzes OPAL PHIZ Online Practical Anatomy Labs Physiology Quizzes Fill-in answers Multiple choice questions – spelling important T/F questions Same format as final exam questions Multiple choice questions T/F questions Same format as spot test questions 7 Post-practical online tutorial videos 8 Navigating vUWS 9  Course Schedule WEEK Practical Lecture Worksheet Introduction to unit/ Cardiovascular 1 No practical System 1 2 Cardiovascular System 1 Cardiovascular System 2 3 Cardiovascular System 2 Respiratory System 1 4 Respiratory System 1 Respiratory System 2 Cardiovascular System (5%) 5 Lectorial (ONLINE) Lymphatics and Immune Response 6 Test 1 (25%) Gastrointestinal System 1 7 Gastrointestinal System 1 Gastrointestinal System 2 8 BREAK BREAK BREAK 9 Gastrointestinal System 2 Urinary System 10 No practical Reproductive System 11 No practical Regulation of Body Fluids Urinary and 12 Acid/Base Balance Gastrointestinal, Urinary and Reproductive System (5%) Reproductive System 13 Lectorial (ONLINE) No lecture 14 Test 2 (25%) HAP2 Review 10  Worksheet 1: Cardiovascular (5%) Week 4 Cardiovascular lecture 1 (week 1) Format: 10 multiple choice questions worth 0.5 mark each (5 marks total) Cardiovascular lecture 2 (week 2) 45 minute time limit // to be completed on vUWS Cardiovascular practical 1 (week 2) Cardiovascular practical 2 (week 3) Test 1 (25%) Week 6 Cardiovascular lecture 1 (week 1) Format: The test will be a spot test with a written component (45 marks HAP2 Assessments Cardiovascular lecture 2 (week 2) total; 35 minute time limit) to be completed on campus Cardiovascular practical 1 (week 2) The format is as follows: Cardiovascular practical 2 (week 3) Spot test (20 minutes total): 10 stations (2 minutes each), 3 structures to Respiratory lecture 1 (week 3) identify/questions to answer per station worth 1 mark each (30 marks total) Respiratory practical 1 (week 4) Written component (15 minutes total): 15 questions worth 1 mark each Respiratory lecture 2 (week 4) (15 marks total) Respiratory Lectorial (week 5) Spelling is important Lymphatics and Immune Response lecture (week 5) Worksheet 3: Gastro, Repro and Urinary (5%) Week 12 Gastrointestinal lecture 1 (week 6) Format: 10 multiple choice questions worth 0.5 mark each (5 marks total) Gastrointestinal lecture 2 (week 7) 45 minute time limit Gastrointestinal practical 1 (week 7) To be completed on vUWS Gastrointestinal practical 2 (week 9) Urinary lecture (week 9) Reproductive lecture (week 10) Test 2 (25%) Week 14 Gastrointestinal lecture 1 (week 6) Format: The test will be a spot test with a written component (50 marks Gastrointestinal lecture 2 (week 7) total; 40 minute time limit) to be completed on campus Gastrointestinal practical 1 (week 7) The format is as follows: Gastrointestinal practical 2 (week 9) Spot test (20 minutes total): 10 stations (2 minutes each), 3 structures to Urinary lecture (week 9) identify/questions to answer per station worth 1 mark each (30 marks total) Reproductive lecture (week 10) Written component (20 minutes total): 20 questions worth 1 mark each Regulation of Body Fluids lecture (week 11) (20 marks total) Urinary and Reproductive practical (week 12) Spelling is important Acid/Base Balance lecture (week 12) Regulation of Body Fluids Lectorial (week 13) Final Exam (40%) Week 16 or 17 (to be confirmed) All lectures and practicals (week 1- 14) Format: Multiple choice questions to be completed on vUWS WHAT IS PASS? Peer Assisted Study Sessions Weekly 1 hour group study sessions Facilitated by a senior student who has successfully completed the subject Enhance study skills and strategies in an informal and interactive group learning environment Flexibility – you have input into the focus of each session Review lecture and tutorial content Increase your confidence, feel more motivated and meet new people Sessions are free. Join by checking the PASS timetable, vUWS or WesternLife. WHY GO TO PASS? On average, regular PASS attendees achieve higher grades. NATS 1010 – Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 The results of attendees and non-attendees in Spring 2022. Average Grades On average regular PASS attendees achieved 9.9 grade points higher than their non-attending peers.  Welcome! Dr. Nancy Haydar HAP2 Lecturer Contact: [email protected] Online communication must be via your WSU student email only On campus: Mondays – 10am-12pm. Fridays – 1:30pm-2pm. 15  LECTURE 1 Cardiovascular System 1 Reference: Amerman; Chapters 17, 18 and 19 Dr. Nancy Haydar School of Science [email protected] 16 17  Objectives – Describe; the components of blood and blood types the location of the heart the internal and external features of the heart the function of the heart chambers the function of heart valves the flow of blood through the heart coronary circulation the components of a cardiocyte the conduction system of the heart an Electrocardiogram (ECG) the regulation of heart activity the cardiac cycle 18 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.  Overview The cardiovascular (circulatory) system consists of the: Heart Blood vessels Blood 19  Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CO2 O2 Overview Two major divisions of the cardiovascular system: – Pulmonary circuit: Pulmonary circuit Right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from the O2-poor, O2-rich, CO2-rich body and pumps it to the lungs blood CO2-poor blood for gas exchange Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart Systemic circuit – Systemic circuit: Left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body CO2 O2 Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart 20  Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CO2 O2 Overview Pulmonary Circuit: - Short loop - Low pressure loop Pulmonary circuit - 100% of blood O2-poor, O2-rich, Systemic Circuit: CO2-rich blood CO2-poor blood - Long loop - High pressure loop - 100% of blood Systemic circuit - 15% Cerebral (brain) - 5% Coronary (heart) - 25% Renal (kidney, bladder, etc.) - 25% GIT CO2 O2 - 25% Skeletal muscle - 5% Skin 21  Blood Blood is an alkaline liquid (pH 7.35 – 7.45) Contains both cellular and liquid components, which consist of formed elements (living blood cells) and plasma (non-living fluid) 8% of an individual’s body weight ( 5 - 6L and 4 - 5L) Three main functions: – Distribution Delivering O2 and nutrients, transporting wastes and hormones, etc. – Regulation Maintaining body temperature, pH and fluid volume. – Protection Prevents blood loss and infection. 22  Blood Components Formed elements (living blood cells) ~ 45% – Erythrocytes (red blood cells) – Transport O2 and CO2 Originate in – Leukocytes (white blood cells) – Immune function the red bone marrow – Platelets –Blood clotting Plasma (nonliving fluid) ~ 55% – H2O (main constituent) – Dissolved proteins – Glucose – Clotting factors – Electrolytes – Hormones – O2 – CO2 23 Blood Components – Formed Elements (45%) Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) – 44% – 7.5 m in diameter and 2.5 m thick – Flattened discs with depressed centre – Contain a gas-transporting protein - Haemoglobin (Hb) – No nuclei or organelles *obtain ATP via glycolysis Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) –