Lecture 1 Environmental Impact Assessment PDF

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Lecture 1 ‫‪Lecture 1‬‬ ‫المحاضرة األولى‬  Lecture 1: Introduction Contents Instructions Course Grading What’s EIA (simple definition)? EIA Fundamental components Growth vs. Development Philosophy of...

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Lecture 1 ‫‪Lecture 1‬‬ ‫المحاضرة األولى‬  Lecture 1: Introduction Contents Instructions Course Grading What’s EIA (simple definition)? EIA Fundamental components Growth vs. Development Philosophy of EIA (brief) Environment (plus social depth)  Lecture 1: Introduction Proposed Grading – Assignments (25 marks) – Midterm (15 marks)  What is Impact Assessment? Impact assessments are carried out to assess the consequences of individual projects Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) It is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural, and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.  ‫‪Environmental Impact Assessment‬‬ ‫تقييم األثر البيئي‬ ‫ الغرض من تقييم األثار البيئية هو ضمان حماية البيئة والموارد‬ ‫الطبيعية والحفاظ عليها ‪ -‬بما فى ذلك الجوانب المرتبطة بصحة البشر‬ ‫‪ -‬من آثار التنمية التى تفتقد السيطرة عليها والهدف بعيد المدى لهذا‬ ‫التقييم هو ضمان تنمية إقتصادية متواصلة ُتلبى حاجات الوقت‬ ‫الحاضر دون اإلنتقاص من قدرة األجيال القادمة على تلبية حاجاتها‬ ‫الخاصة ‪.‬‬ ‫ ُيعد تقييم األثار البيئية أداة هامة ألسلوب اإلدارة البيئية المتكاملة يتعين‬ ‫إجراؤه للمنشآت والمشروعات الجديدة أو التوسعات والتجديدات الخاصة‬ ‫بالمنشآت القائمة طبقا ألحكام قانون البيئة‪.‬‬  Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - It is a tool used to identify the environmental, social, and economic impacts of a project prior to decision- making. - It aims to predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment, and present the predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EIA both environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time of project implementation and design, avoided treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and regulations.  What is the purpose of environmental assessment? An environmental assessment is a planning and decision-making tool. The objectives of an environmental assessment are to: minimize or avoid adverse environmental effects before they occur; and incorporate environmental factors into decision making.  EIA Fundamental components Although legislation and practice vary around the world, the fundamental components of an EIA would necessarily involve the following stages:- a. Screening to determine which projects or developments require a full or partial impact assessment study; b. Scoping - to identify which potential impacts are relevant to assess (based on legislative requirements, international conventions, expert knowledge, and public involvement) - to identify alternative solutions that avoid, mitigate, or compensate the adverse impacts on biodiversity (including the option of not proceeding with the development,  EIA Fundamental components Although legislation and practice vary around the world, the fundamental components of an EIA would necessarily involve the following stages:- b. Scoping - finding alternative designs or sites that avoid the impacts, incorporating safeguards in the design of the project, or providing compensation for adverse impacts - Finally, to derive terms of reference for the impact assessment.  EIA Fundamental components c. Assessment and evaluation of impacts and development of alternatives, to predict and identify the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, including the detailed elaboration of alternatives; d. Reporting the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or EIA report, including an environmental management plan (EMP), and a non-technical summary for the general audience. e. Review of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), based on the terms of reference (scoping) and public (including authority) participation.  EIA Fundamental components f. Decision-making on whether to approve the project or not, and under what conditions g. Monitoring, compliance, enforcement, and environmental auditing. Monitor whether the predicted impacts and proposed mitigation measures occur as defined in the EMP. Verify the compliance of the proponent with the EMP, to ensure that unpredicted impacts or failed mitigation measures are identified and addressed in a timely fashion.  The objective of EIA I. To identify, predict and evaluate the economic, environmental and social impact of development activities. II. to provide information on the environmental consequences for decision making. III. to promote environmentally sound and sustainable development through the identification of appropriate alternatives and mitigation measures.  What are the 5 major environmental problems? The Top 5 Environmental Concerns for 2019? Biodiversity: is the most complex and vital feature of our planet. Water pollution: is a huge concern for us and our environment. Deforestation. We need plants and trees to survive. Pollution. Climate Change.  Types of environmental impacts The impacts that these have on the environment have become clear and include: Climate change including Global warming. Acid rain, photochemical smog, and other forms of pollution. Ocean acidification. Displacement/extinction of wildlife. Resource depletion - forests, water, food, and more.  ‫عملية تقييم األثر البيئي‬ ‫‪Enviro. Impact Assessment Process‬‬ ‫‪ In EIA system, there are sequence of activities‬‬ ‫‪implemented in a project in logical manner‬‬ ‫‪termed as EIA process.‬‬ ‫ تتم عملية تقييم األثر البيئى عادة على مرحلتين‪ ،‬المرحلة األولى تتناول تقييم‬ ‫األثار التى يجب أن تؤخذ فى اإلعتبار أثناء مرحلة تصميم المشروع (أثناء‬ ‫اإلنشاء) وتتناول تجميع للبيانات والمعلومات الالزمة للتصميم من خالل دراسات‬ ‫بيئية سابقة ومشاورات مجتمعية مع تحديد األثار البيئية وإقتراح أساليب التخفيف‬ ‫التى تحد من هذه األثار المتوقعة‪.‬‬ ‫ أما المرحلة الثانية فيتم فيها تحليل هذه األثار البيئية واإلجتماعية المتوقعة‬ ‫وتدعيمها بالبيانات اإلضافية لعرضها على الجمهور ومشاورته فى جلسة إستماع‬ ‫علنية‪.‬وتكون هذه المرحلة ُمكملة للمرحلة السابقة وتساعد على تعديل أساليب‬ ‫التخفيف وإقتراح ألساليب الرصد البيئى‪.‬‬  Participants in EIA Process 1. Proponent: Government or Private Agency that initiates the project. 2. Assessor: The agency responsible for the preparation of EIA. 3. Reviewer: Individual/Agency/Board. 4. Decision maker: Designated individual or group. 5. Expert advisers, Media and Public, Environmental organizations……, etc.  ‫‪Components of Full ESIA‬‬ ‫مكونات دراسة‪ /‬تقرير تقييم األثر البيئي‬ ‫يتم إعداد تقرير تقييم األثر البيئى واإلجتماعى طبقا لدليل أسس تقييم األثر البيئي ‪ 2009‬ليشمل البنود‬ ‫التالية ‪-:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬الملخص التنفيذي‬ ‫‪.2‬اإلطار القانونى و المنهاجية‬ ‫‪.a‬التشريعات الحاكمة للمشروع‬ ‫‪.b‬المنهاجية والطرق المستخدمة‬ ‫‪.3‬وصف المشروع‬ ‫‪.a‬معلومات أساسية عن المنشأة‬ ‫‪.b‬أهداف المشروع‬ ‫‪.c‬موقع المشروع‬ ‫‪.d‬وصف األنشطة بالمنشأة‬ ‫‪.e‬إستهالكات الطاقة والوقود والمياه‬ ‫‪.f‬المخلفات المتولدة‬ ‫‪.g‬البرنامج الزمني لتنفيذ المشروع‬  ‫‪Components of Full ESIA‬‬ ‫مكونات دراسة‪ /‬تقرير تقييم األثر البيئي‬ ‫‪.4‬وصف للوضع الراهن والبيئة المحيطة‬ ‫‪.5‬بدائل المشروع‬ ‫‪.a‬بدائل الموقع‬ ‫‪.b‬بدائل الطاقة‬ ‫‪.c‬بدائل التكنولوجيا‬ ‫‪.d‬بديل عدم إتخاذ أي قرار ” بديل عدم تنفيذ المشروع ”‬ ‫‪.6‬تقييم األثار البيئية وتحليل األثار المتوقعة وإجراءات التخفيف من تلك األثار‬ ‫‪.a‬أثناء مرحلة اإلنشاء‬ ‫‪.b‬أثناء مرحلة التسغيل‬ ‫‪.7‬خطة لإلدارة البيئية لتطبيق أساليب التخفيف المتوقعة ‪ ،‬وتشمل ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.a‬ملخص األثار البيئية السلبية وإجراءات التخفيف منها‬ ‫‪.b‬إعداد خطة الرصد البيئي الذاتي‬ ‫‪.c‬إعداد خطة الطوارىء‬ ‫‪.8‬جلسة التشاور المجتمعي‬ ‫‪.9‬الخالصة والتوصيات‬  Environmental protection Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends. What are the steps to protect our environment? Ten Simple Things You Can Do to Help Protect the Earth Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your community. You can get involved in protecting your watershed, too. Educate. When you further your own education, you can help others understand the importance and value of our natural resources. Conserve water. The less water you use, the less runoff and wastewater that eventually end up in the ocean. Choose sustainable. Shop wisely. Buy less plastic and bring a reusable shopping bag. Use long-lasting light bulbs. Energy efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Also flip the light switch off when you leave the room! Plant a tree. Trees provide food and oxygen. They help save energy, clean the air, and help combat climate change. Don't send chemicals into our waterways. Choose non-toxic chemicals in the home and office. Bike more. Drive less.  Why should must we take care of our environment? A Clean Environment is Essential for Healthy Living: The more you don't care about our environment, the more it will become polluted with contaminants and toxins that have a harmful impact on our health. Air pollution can cause respiratory diseases and cancer, among other problems and diseases.  Growth vs. Development in EIA The environmental growth recognizes the link between health, the economy and the environment. It involves investing in Nature, so that it is more connected, functions better and provides more. Development is a sustained process of progressive change to attain individual and group interests.  Assignment 1_1 Search for the Sustainable Development 2030 and summarize its elements/contents in a block diagram format ‫ ولخص عناصر‬2030 ‫إبحث عن خطة التنمية المستدامة‬ ‫الخطة في مخطط إنسيابي‬  Assignment 1_2 Summarize the historical Development of EIA Thanks  Philosophy of EIA To be properly informed before a decision for project development is taken. Impact assessment is designed as a preventive measure. It should give environmental considerations equal weight with technical and location aspects, including “zero” alternative. Environmental considerations should be introduced early in the design process. Broad and public participation should ensure wide acceptance of projects implemented.  Environment (plus social depth) Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) is the assessment of the environmental and Social Consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.  ‫)‪Environment (plus social depth‬‬ ‫)‪ Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA‬‬ ‫دراسات تقييم األثر البيئي واإلجتماعي‬ ‫ نركز على الجزء اإلجتماعي في هذا النواع من الدراسات البيئية ‪.‬‬ ‫ تشمل جلسات اإلستماع والمشاورة الجماهيرية واإلستبيانات ‪.‬‬  Examples of social impacts In addition, social impact includes wages, breaks, adherence to employment laws, safety, training, and numerous other specific labor practices. Finally, social impact includes the impact on the local public and social services sector as a result of the business's activities.