Lecture 1-1.pdf

Cloud Computing Lecture 1: Introduction to Cloud Computing Instructor Dr. Abdulhadi Allehaibi Cloud Comp...

Cloud Computing Lecture 1: Introduction to Cloud Computing Instructor Dr. Abdulhadi Allehaibi Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 1  What is Cloud Computing? Definition Cloud computing is a technology that allows individuals and organizations to access computing resources (like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics) over the internet, often referred to as "the cloud." This enables users to run applications and store data without having to manage physical servers or infrastructure. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 2  What is Cloud Computing? Core Characteristics On-demand self-service: Users can provision resources as needed without human interaction with the service provider. Broad network access: Services are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). Resource pooling: The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 3  What is Cloud Computing? Core Characteristics Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 4  What is Cloud Computing? Comparison with Traditional Computing Traditional computing often requires upfront capital investment in hardware and software, plus ongoing maintenance and upgrades. Cloud computing, on the other hand, typically operates on a pay-as-you-go model, significantly reducing upfront costs and shifting IT from a capital expense to an operational one. In traditional setups, scaling resources can be time-consuming and complex, requiring physical additions to servers or storage. Cloud computing allows for immediate scaling, both up and down, according to demand. Cloud computing offers greater flexibility and accessibility, as users can access services from anywhere, at any time, and from any device with an internet connection. Unlike traditional computing, which might be limited by geographic location or device-specific constraints. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 5  Benefits of Cloud Computing Cost Efficiency Reduced IT Costs Cloud computing reduces or eliminates the need for businesses to purchase equipment and build out and operate data centers. This lowers capital expenditure as the cost of IT services is shifted to operational expenditure. Pay-As-You-Go Model With a subscription-based or pay-as-you-use model, organizations pay only for the computing resources they consume. This can lead to significant cost savings compared to maintaining unused in-house resources. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 6  Benefits of Cloud Computing Scalability Flexible Resources Companies can scale their IT resources up or down quickly in response to business demands without the need for major investments. Efficient Resource Management Cloud providers use a multi-tenant model to maximize resource usage, helping businesses to become more efficient and agile. Accessibility Global Accessibility Cloud computing enables users to access data and applications from anywhere in the world, as long as there is an internet connection. This facilitates remote work and global collaboration. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 7  Benefits of Cloud Computing Device Diversity Cloud services can be accessed from any device—desktops, laptops, tablets, or smartphones—increasing the flexibility for users to work from the device of their choice. Disaster Recovery Data Safety The cloud provides robust backup and recovery solutions, safeguarding data against local disasters or system failures. Reduced Downtime Cloud providers often offer service level agreements that guarantee uptime and quick data recovery, minimizing downtime in case of outages. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 8  Cloud Service Models - Overview Cloud computing offers different models of services that cater to various business needs. These models define the type of service provided and the responsibilities that the service provider and the customer share. The Three Main Service Models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS) Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 9  Cloud Service Models - Overview Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 10  Cloud Service Models - IaaS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet. Users have an infrastructure on which they can install any required platforms or applications. Components IaaS includes a variety of services such as virtual server space, network connections, bandwidth, IP addresses, and load balancers. Physically, the pool of hardware resource is pulled from a multitude of servers and networks usually distributed across numerous data centers, owned and maintained by the cloud provider. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 11  Cloud Service Models - IaaS Key Characteristics of IaaS Scalability and Flexibility: IaaS allows for automatic scaling of resources, tailored to an organization’s needs. Control Over Infrastructure: While the infrastructure is provided by a third party, the user maintains control over the operating systems, storage, and deployed applications. Cost Model: It is a cost-effective model due to its pay-as-you-go pricing structure. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 12  Cloud Service Models - IaaS Use Cases for IaaS: Web Hosting: Hosting websites on virtual servers that are founded on pooled resources from underlying physical servers. Virtual Data Centers: Extensive for businesses that want the capabilities of a data center without the physical constraints and costs. Testing and Development: Provides a cost-effective and flexible way to deploy and dismantle test and development environments. Storage, Backup, and Recovery: Addresses data growth and is conducive to storage, backup, and recovery protocols. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 13  Cloud Service Models - IaaS Pros and Cons of IaaS: Advantages: High scalability, no hardware costs, utility style costing, and location independence. Challenges: Security concerns, network and service outages, and legacy system compatibility issues. Providers and Examples: Major Providers: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and others. Real-World Example: A startup can use IaaS to avoid the capital expense of buying hardware while scaling its infrastructure as it grows. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 14  Cloud Service Models - PaaS PaaS Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model It provides customers with a platform to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with developing and launching an app. Key Characteristics of PaaS: Built-in Tools: Offers a suite of developer tools that can drastically reduce the time to code new apps with pre-coded application components. Middleware: Allows users to focus on the application management and deployment while the service provider manages the underlying infrastructure. Scalable Environment: Resources can be scaled up or down based on the process needs of the application. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 15  Cloud Service Models - PaaS Use Cases for PaaS: App Development and Lifecycle Management: From development to testing to deployment and updates, PaaS can manage the entire application lifecycle. API Development and Management: Simplifies the creation and management of APIs, which allows companies to securely share data and services. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 16  Cloud Service Models - PaaS Pros and Cons of PaaS: Advantages: Cost-effectiveness in application development, easy to use and manage, and scalable. Challenges: Potential data security risks, vendor lock-in concerns, and may not fit all types of workloads. Providers and Examples: Major Providers: Salesforce's Force.com, Microsoft Azure App Service, Google App Engine, Heroku, and others. Real-World Example: A developer in a small business can leverage PaaS to build a consumer-facing application without the need to manage, update, or scale the underlying servers and databases. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 17  Cloud Service Models - SaaS SaaS: Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud-based service where instead of downloading software to run and update on your personal computer or business network, Users access applications via an internet browser. The software application is hosted remotely on the provider’s servers. Components: SaaS applications are delivered over the internet, offering a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis from a cloud service provider. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 18  Cloud Service Models - SaaS Key Characteristics of SaaS: Accessibility: Users can access SaaS applications from any internet-enabled device and location. Subscription Model: SaaS typically operates on a subscription model, with customers paying an ongoing fee to use the application. Automatic Updates: The provider manages all updates and upgrades, eliminating the need for users to download or install patches and software upgrades. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 19  Cloud Service Models - SaaS Use Cases for SaaS: Office Tools: Email, calendaring, and office suite (word processing, spreadsheets, etc.) that are accessible from anywhere. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Managing a company's interactions with current and potential customers. Human Resources Management: Tools for recruitment, onboarding, and employee talent management. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 20  Cloud Service Models - SaaS Pros and Cons of SaaS: Advantages: No hardware costs, scalability, automatic updates, and compatibility as all users will have the same version of software. Challenges: Limited control over software features, potential issues with data security, and occasional dependency on internet connectivity. Providers and Examples: Major Providers: Google Workspace, Microsoft Office 365, Salesforce, Zoom, and Dropbox. Real-World Example: A marketing team uses a SaaS CRM tool to manage customer communications, track leads through the sales pipeline, and run analytics on customer engagement. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 21  Cloud Service Models - SaaS Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 22  Cloud Deployment Models - Overview Deployment models in cloud computing define where your data is stored and how your customers interact with it, as well as the level of security and the management required. The choice of deployment model affects the cost, performance, and scalability of applications. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 23  Cloud Deployment Models - Overview Four Primary Deployment Models Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 24  Cloud Deployment Models – Public Cloud Public Cloud A public cloud is a type of computing in which a service provider makes resources available to the public via the internet. Resources may be free or sold on a pay-per-usage model. The cloud provider owns and manages all hardware, software, and other supporting infrastructure. Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 25  Cloud Deployment Models – Public Cloud Key Characteristics of Public Cloud: High Scalability/Elasticity: Provides vast resources that can quickly scale to meet demand. Cost-Effectiveness: Users pay only for the resources they consume, avoiding capital expenditure on hardware and software. Maintenance and Upgrades: The cloud provider is responsible for system maintenance, updates, and upgrades. Reliability: The vast network of servers ensures against failure; data can be mirrored at multiple redundant sites. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 26  Cloud Deployment Models – Public Cloud Use Cases for Public Cloud: Web-Based Applications: Applications that need to scale rapidly in response to demand. Storage and Backup: Large amounts of data can be stored and backed up in the cloud. Development and Test Environments: Quickly set up and dismantle environments as needed. Advantages and Challenges: Advantages: Cost savings, no maintenance, unlimited scalability, and improved reliability. Challenges: Less control over data security and compliance, potential latency due to data traveling over the public internet. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 27  Cloud Deployment Models – Public Cloud Providers and Examples: Leading Providers: AWS EC2 for computing, Azure for integrated cloud services, Google Cloud Storage for storage solutions. Real-World Example: A startup uses AWS to host its website, taking advantage of the cloud's scalability to accommodate its growing traffic. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 28  Cloud Deployment Models – Private Cloud Private Cloud A private cloud is a computing environment dedicated solely to one organization. It can be hosted internally (on-premises) or externally by a third- party, but in either case, it is not shared with other organizations. It offers the agility and efficiency of the cloud with greater control and security. Examples: On-premises data centers, VMware private cloud, Microsoft Azure Stack. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 29  Cloud Deployment Models – Private Cloud Key Characteristics of Private Cloud: Exclusive Resources: All resources are dedicated to a single organization, offering higher levels of control and security. Customization: The environment can be customized to meet specific business needs and integrate seamlessly with existing infrastructure. Self-Service and Automation: Users have the ability to manage and automate resources without going through the provider. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 30  Cloud Deployment Models – Private Cloud Use Cases for Private Cloud: Sensitive Data Handling: Ideal for businesses that handle sensitive data, require strict data control, or have high security and compliance needs. Business-Critical Operations: Suitable for mission-critical operations that require fast data access, high reliability, and business continuity. Regulated Industries: Beneficial for industries subject to strict regulatory compliance, such as healthcare, finance, and government. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 31  Cloud Deployment Models – Private Cloud Advantages and Challenges: Advantages: Enhanced security and control, customization to business needs, and improved performance for dedicated resources. Challenges: Higher cost due to dedicated resources, requires in-house expertise or external management, and potential underutilization of resources. Providers and Examples: Technology Providers: VMware, Dell EMC, and HPE offer solutions for private clouds. Real-World Example: A financial institution uses a private cloud to process transactions and store sensitive customer data, ensuring compliance and data sovereignty. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 32  Cloud Deployment Models – Hybrid Cloud Hybrid Cloud A hybrid cloud combines private cloud and public cloud services, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. This setup provides businesses with greater flexibility and more deployment options. It enables data and applications to move between private and public clouds for greater efficiency and agility. Examples: An organization using a private cloud for sensitive, critical data and a public cloud for high-volume, less sensitive data. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 33  Cloud Deployment Models – Hybrid Cloud Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 34  Cloud Deployment Models – Hybrid Cloud Key Characteristics of Hybrid Cloud: Interoperability: Allows for communication between public and private cloud environments, making it easier to move applications and data as needed. Flexibility and Scalability: Businesses can scale their on-premises infrastructure to the public cloud to handle excess capacity or spikes in demand. Cost-Effectiveness: Organizations can keep critical data on-premises or in a private cloud for security and compliance while leveraging the cost- effectiveness of public cloud resources for less sensitive workloads. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 35  Cloud Deployment Models – Hybrid Cloud Use Cases for Hybrid Cloud: Seasonal Workloads: Ability to scale IT resources up or down depending on seasonal spikes in business activity or demand. Data Sovereignty: Store sensitive data on a private cloud or on-premises while using the public cloud for other workloads, maintaining compliance with data residency laws. Innovation and Speed: Develop and test new applications in the public cloud before deploying them on-premises or in a private cloud for production. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 36  Cloud Deployment Models – Hybrid Cloud Advantages and Challenges: Advantages: Provides security, compliance, and cost-effectiveness, along with the flexibility to use resources across different cloud environments. Challenges: Can be complex to implement and manage, may require advanced technical expertise, and necessitates robust security and compliance checks. Providers and Examples: Technology Providers: Amazon Web Services with Outposts, Microsoft Azure Arc, Google Anthos. Real-World Example: A retail company uses a private cloud for handling sensitive customer data and a public cloud to manage their e-commerce platform, allowing them to scale during high traffic periods. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 37  Cloud Deployment Models – Community Cloud What is a Community Cloud?: Definition: A community cloud is a collaborative effort where infrastructure is shared between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (such as security, compliance, or project objectives), either managed internally or by a third-party, and hosted internally or externally. Examples: Government agencies collaborating on a shared platform for research and development or healthcare organizations sharing a cloud for patient data analysis and storage. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 38  Cloud Deployment Models – Community Cloud Key Characteristics of Community Cloud: Shared Infrastructure: Resources are shared among several organizations with similar requirements, reducing costs and improving efficiency. Compliance and Security: Tailored to meet specific industry standards and compliance requirements, offering a secure environment for sensitive data. Collaboration and Innovation: Facilitates collaboration between organizations, promoting innovation and sharing of best practices. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 39  Cloud Deployment Models – Community Cloud Use Cases for Community Cloud: Shared Resources and Applications: Organizations within the same community can share infrastructure and applications to achieve common goals. Collaborative Projects: Enables multiple organizations to work together on joint projects, sharing data and applications securely. Industry-Specific Applications: Ideal for sectors with stringent regulatory compliance, where shared compliance frameworks can be utilized. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 40  Cloud Deployment Models – Community Cloud Advantages and Challenges: Advantages: Cost savings through shared resources, enhanced security and compliance, and collaborative opportunities. Challenges: Limited customization compared to private clouds, potential for complex governance and policy enforcement, and the need for strong collaboration between participating organizations. Providers and Examples: Technology Providers: Specific examples are less common, as community clouds are often custom-built for the group of organizations involved. Real-World Example: Several universities creating a shared cloud environment for research collaboration, data sharing, and leveraging shared IT resources for educational purposes. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 41  Cloud Deployment Models – Community Cloud Advantages and Challenges: Advantages: Cost savings through shared resources, enhanced security and compliance, and collaborative opportunities. Challenges: Limited customization compared to private clouds, potential for complex governance and policy enforcement, and the need for strong collaboration between participating organizations. Providers and Examples: Technology Providers: Specific examples are less common, as community clouds are often custom-built for the group of organizations involved. Real-World Example: Several universities creating a shared cloud environment for research collaboration, data sharing, and leveraging shared IT resources for educational purposes. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 42  Summary Cloud computing is a pivotal technology enabling on-demand access to computing resources. It offers significant benefits like cost efficiency, scalability, accessibility, and disaster recovery capabilities. Cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) provide flexible options catering to diverse needs. Deployment models (public, private, hybrid, community) offer tailored solutions for various organizational requirements. Cloud Computing, By Dr Ahmad Alqarni @ IT Department, College of Computing and Information, Al Baha University 43