Lecture 02_Introduction to Cloud V1.03 PDF

ITS65904 Introduction to Cloud Computing School of Computer Science and Engineering Taylor’s University Lecture 2 – Introduction to the Cloud  At the end of this topic students should have learnt to: define Cloud Computing? Learning identify the drivers for clou...

ITS65904 Introduction to Cloud Computing School of Computer Science and Engineering Taylor’s University Lecture 2 – Introduction to the Cloud  At the end of this topic students should have learnt to: define Cloud Computing? Learning identify the drivers for cloud computing Outcome identify factors that inhibit cloud computing adoption Aligns with MLO1: Demonstrate knowledge of the concepts, theory and principles of cloud computing 2 What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is the delivery of computing resources such as servers, storage, applications, processes and data on demand over the Internet on pay per use basis 3 NIST definition of Cloud Computing The formal definition comes from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction 4 5-4-3 Principles of Cloud computing 5  On demand self-service A consumer can request and receive computing capabilities or services needed automatically without any human intervention Facilitates faster and easy access of the resources requested Five essential Reduces administrative burden on the service provider Cloud characteristics Broad Network access Users need to only have a basic Internet (1) connection to connect to services or applications Cloud services should require either no client or a lightweight thin client to use the service as bandwidth may be limited Cloud services should be able to accessed by heterogeneous devices such as laptops, desktops, tablets, smartphones etc. 6  Resource Pooling: The providers computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model Different physical and virtual resources are dynamically assigned according to consumer demand Resource pooling saves cost and allows flexibility Five essential on the provider side Cloud Rapid Elasticity: characteristics The ability to easily grow or shrink capacity of resources made available by a provider to satisfy (2) user demand Measured Services: Cloud services must have the ability to measure usage. Metrics could be such as time used, bandwidth used, and data used to determine how much a consumer should be charged 7  Deployment Model There are four primary cloud deployment models : Public Cloud Private Cloud Community Cloud Hybrid Cloud Each can exhibit the previously discussed characteristics; their differences lie primarily in the scope and access of published cloud services, as they are made available to service consumers. 8 Four Cloud Deployment models (1) Public: The cloud infrastructure is made available for open use by the general public All the systems and resources that provide the service are housed at an external service provider The service provider is responsible for the management and administration of the systems used to provide the service It may be owned, managed and operated by a business organization, academic, or government organization or a combination of them 9 Four Cloud Deployment models (2) Private: The cloud infrastructure is provided for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers The systems and resources that provide the service may exist on or off premises It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them The organization is responsible for the management and administration of the systems that are used to provide the service The organization is also responsible for any software or client application that is installed on the end-user system 10  Four Cloud Deployment models (3) Public vs Private comparison Public Cloud Private Cloud Infrastructure Homogeneous Heterogeneous Policy Model Common defined Customized & Tailored Resource Model Shared & Multi-tenant Dedicated Cost Model Operational expenditure Capital expenditure Economy Model Large economy of scale End-to-end control 11 Four Cloud Deployment models (4) Community: Semi-public The cloud infrastructure is shared by a selected group of organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., common mission or purpose, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations, shared responsibilities for maintaining the cloud, etc.) It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. 12 Four Cloud Deployment models (5) Hybrid: The cloud infrastructure is a combination of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) Each cloud remain unique entities but are linked together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability 13  Service Model Overview Cloud based computing resources are available to end customers in terms of three kind of services 14 Service Model Overview-cont. 15 Software as a Service (SaaS) Provides application and data services Applications, data, and all the necessary platforms and infrastructure (network, servers, operating systems, storage) are provided by the service provider The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client such as a web browser or a program interface The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure. Examples include customer relationship management (CRM), business intelligence analytics, and online accounting software 16  Provides an operating system, development platform, and/or a database platform Allows organizations to develop applications Platform without having to worry about building the infrastructure needed to support the as a development environment Service The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has (PaaS) control over the deployed applications Examples include Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure Services 17 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Provides basic infrastructure services to customers. These services may include physical machines, virtual machines, networking, storage, or some combination of these The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over the operating systems, storage, and deployed applications and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls) Example, Amazon Web Services (AWS) 18 Drivers for Cloud computing (1) System Drivers: Agility can easily reappropriate (add or shrink) resources when needed Allows to make better use of your internal infrastructure resources Reliability Usually involves having multiple systems or even multiple datacentre locations which would be costly With cloud, it has services using multiple locations Scalability and Elasticity resources can be dynamically allocated on-demand, avoiding systems waiting and sitting idle 19 Drivers for Cloud computing (2) Performance Performance in cloud systems is constantly being measured and monitored If performance falls below a certain level, the systems can automatically adjust to provide more capacity, if that is what’s needed SLA (Service-level Agreement) guarantees a certain level of performance Ease of maintenance Maintenance is taken care by the service provider Security and Compliance: security and compliance in a cloud environment is much tighter than in a traditional environment 20 Drivers for Cloud computing (3) Business Drivers: Cost Biggest cost saving is moving from Capex (Capital expenditures) to Opex (Operating expenses) Consumerism Consumerism is a focus on the needs and wants of the consumer Consumers are free to choose the access methods and applications they want Costlier for an IT department to provide host of different applications and services. Cloud would be easier and flexible 21 Drivers for Cloud computing (4) Technology Drivers: Virtualization Makes possible to host multiple virtual systems on one physical system Not necessary to have separate physical systems for each user. Hence cuts cost Allows for resource pooling and increased utilization of a physical system Application Architecture Previously, a single application could not service multiple clients There was no way of preventing one customer from accessing another customer’s data or parts of the application Now multiple customers can access a single instance of an application, but their interactions are segmented 22 Drivers for Cloud computing (5) Bandwidth increases Increased bandwidth has increased the overall speed of application access This has helped in the usability of web-based applications Drivers for Cloud Providers Economies of Scale RoI (Return on Investment) is more as once the infrastructure for an application or service has been built, adding capacity will require only incremental additions Recurring revenue Offering subscription-based services can provide a service provider with a recurring revenue stream Recurring revenue adds stability to a business 23 Factors inhibiting Cloud adoption (1) Ambiguity Lack of understanding what the cloud offers causes fear Hidden cost, lack of control, integration issues, security concern etc. Concern over maturity Many newer public service providers simply do not meet the needs of many organizations service providers need to offer services that customers want, but they also need to offer the right levels of service and support for those services Services aren’t Robust Enough Yet to meet customer needs SLAs Some providers don’t offer SLAs at all, or not suitable for many organizations or not truly substantive SLAs. 24  Integration Customer do not have direct access to the systems used by the service providers. So interfaces must be provided by the Factors service provider for data and application integration inhibiting Cloud Security adoption (2) Ownership of data Who owns the data? Auditing ability to do proper auditing can vary among cloud environment Privacy, Legal, and Compliance Issues 25 Thank You! Q&A 26