Lecture 7: Food Labeling - II PDF

# Lecture 7: Food Labeling - II ## Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Education Jazan University - Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences - Department of Clinical Nutrition ## Objectives By the end of this lecture, you should be aware of: 1. FDA Nutrition labeling regulations in the USA. 2. Basic fe...

# Lecture 7: Food Labeling - II ## Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Education Jazan University - Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences - Department of Clinical Nutrition ## Objectives By the end of this lecture, you should be aware of: 1. FDA Nutrition labeling regulations in the USA. 2. Basic features of the Current FDA Nutrition label. 3. Guideline daily amounts (GDAs). ## FDA Nutrition Labeling Regulations in USA ### Prior nutrition label information In the mid-1970s, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) began describing general nutrition information on food labels. ### Nutrients and food components that consumer groups wanted, listed on labels include: - The Macronutrient (Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins) - The total energy value (Kilocalories) of the macronutrient. - Key micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals), Sodium, Cholesterol, and Saturated Fat. ## Current FDA Nutrition Labeling Regulations The nutrition labels that are now familiar on products on supermarket shelves were created as a requirement under the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA). The NLEA was developed by the FDA. ## Basic Features of the Current FDA Nutrition Label The label covers 5 main areas as shown in the Figure: 1. Nutrients and Energy. 2. Serving Size. 3. Definitions for Terms. 4. Label Formula. 5. Health Claim. ## Nutrition Facts Label The nutrition facts label has a table showing: - **Serving Size:** 1/2 cup (114 g) - **Servings Per Container:** 4 - **Calories:** 260 - **% Daily Value** for various nutrients: - Total Fat: 13 g (20%) - Saturated Fat: 5 g (25%) - Cholesterol: 30 mg (10%) - Sodium: 600 mg (28%) - Total Carbohydrate: 31 g (11%) - Dietary Fiber: 0 g (0%) - Sugar: 5 g - Protein: 5 g - Vitamin A: 4% - Vitamin C: 1% - Calcium: 15% - Iron: 4% ## Traffic Light Food Labeling Traffic Light food labeling is recommended because it can help consumers make healthier choices. Each nutrient is coded as **High, Medium, or Low** based on its quantity per serving. ### **High:** - Sugar: 42.2 g per serving. ### **Medium:** - Salt: 2.0 g per serving. ### **Low:** - Fat: 7.7 g per serving. - Saturates: 2.0 g per serving. ## 1- Nutrients and Energy The NLEA requires a food product to provide nutrient and energy information for the following: - Protein (in terms of amino acids quality) - Energy (as k-calories) - Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. - Water-soluble vitamins C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxine (B6), Foliate, and Cobalamine (B12) - Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Iodine, and Selenium. ## Daily Reference Values (DRVs) The term *Daily Reference Values* (DRVs) is listed on the Current FDA nutrition label for: - Nutrients such as Carbohydrates, Protein, Total Fat, Saturated Fats, Fiber, Cholesterol, Sodium, and Potassium. ## Energy Sources Energy sources (Fats, Carbohydrates, and Protein) are based on % of 2000-2500 k-calories diet. ## 2- Serving Size A standard serving size is set for a large food categories in quantities commonly eaten. - These quantities are expressed in common household measures. - USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) gave the standard serving size of meat and poultry products. ## 3- Definitions for terms To improve communication and consumers, everyone must work from the same FDA-supplied dictionary. In this dictionary, nine terms have been defined: - Free - Low - Lite or Light - Less - High - Source of - Fresh - Reduced ## Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs) Some pre-package food provide information about GDAs. - GDAs are derived from the EARS (Estimated Average Daily Requirements) for energy for men and women, aged 19-50 y, normal weight and fitness. - Revised GDAs were published by the Institute of Grocery Distribution (IGD) in 2005. ## Example of GDAs The following table shows the Guideline Daily amounts (GDAs) for adults. Further details are available on the IGD website (www.igd.com). | GDAs | Women | Men | | -------------------------- | -------- | -------- | | Energy (kcal) | 2000 | 2500 | | Fat (g) | <70 | <95 | | % Total energy | <33 | <33 | | Saturates (g) | 20 | 30 | | % Total energy | 10 | 10 | | Total carbohydrate (g) | 230 | 300 | | % Total energy | >47 | >47 | | Total sugar (g) | <90 | <120 | | % Total energy | <19 | <19 | | Salt (g) | 6 | 6 |