CPE 303 Data and Digital Communication - Transmission Media PDF

CPE 303 DATA AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSION MEDIA ENGR. WENDY E. OLLERO  TRANSMISSION MEDIA Transmission media is a communication channel that carries the information from the sender to the receiver. Data is transmitted through the electromagnetic...

CPE 303 DATA AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSION MEDIA ENGR. WENDY E. OLLERO  TRANSMISSION MEDIA Transmission media is a communication channel that carries the information from the sender to the receiver. Data is transmitted through the electromagnetic signals. It is a physical path between transmitter and receiver in data communication. Some factors need to be considered for designing the transmission media: 01 BANDWIDTH All the factors are remaining constant, the greater the bandwidth of a medium, the higher the data transmission rate of a signal. 02 TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT When the received signal is not identical to the transmitted one due to the transmission impairment. The quality of the signals will get destroyed due to transmission impairment. 03 INTERFERENCE An interference is defined as the process of disrupting a signal when it travels over a communication medium on the addition of some unwanted signal.  CAUSES OF TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT 01 ATTENUATION Attenuation means the loss of energy, i.e., the strength of the signal decreases with increasing the distance which causes the loss of energy. 02 DISTORTION Distortion occurs when there is a change in the shape of the signal. 03 NOISE When data is travelled over a transmission medium, some unwanted signal is added to it which creates the noise. CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA GUIDED MEDIA It is defined as the physical medium through which the signals are transmitted. TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA TWISTED PAIR Twisted pair is a physical media made up of a pair of cables twisted with each other. A twisted pair cable is cheap as compared to other transmission media. Installation of the twisted pair cable is easy, and it is a lightweight cable. The frequency range for twisted pair cable is from 0 to 3.5KHz. TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA TWISTED PAIR TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA TWISTED PAIR TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR This type of cable has the ability to block interference and does not depend on a physical shield for this purpose. It is used for telephonic applications. Category 1: Category 1 is used for telephone lines that have low-speed data. Category 2: It can support upto 4Mbps. Category 3: It can support upto 16Mbps. Category 4: It can support upto 20Mbps. Therefore, it can be used for long-distance communication. Category 5: It can support up to 200Mbps. TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA TWISTED PAIR TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR This type of cable consists of a special jacket to block external interference. The cost of the shielded twisted pair cable is not very high and not very low. An installation of STP is easy. It has higher capacity as compared to unshielded twisted pair cable. It has a higher attenuation. It is shielded that provides the higher data transmission rate. TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA COAXIAL CABLE It has an outer plastic covering containing 2 parallel conductors each having a separate insulated protection cover. TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA COAXIAL CABLE TYPES OF COAXIAL CABLE 1. Baseband transmission: It is defined as the process of transmitting a single signal at high speed. 2. Broadband transmission: It is defined as the process of transmitting multiple signals simultaneously. TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA FIBRE OPTICS Thin glass or plastic threads used to transmit data using light waves are called optical fibre. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) or Laser Diodes (LDs) emit light waves at the source, which is read by a detector at the other end. TYPES OF GUIDED MEDIA BASIC ELEMENT OF FIBRE OPTIC CABLE Core: The optical fibre consists of a narrow strand of glass or plastic known as a core. A core is a light transmission area of the fibre. The more the area of the core, the more light will be transmitted into the fibre. Cladding: The concentric layer of glass is known as cladding. The main functionality of the cladding is to provide the lower refractive index at the core interface as to cause the reflection within the core so that the light waves are transmitted through the fibre. Jacket: The protective coating consisting of plastic is known as a jacket. The main purpose of a jacket is to preserve the fibre strength, absorb shock and extra fibre protection. UNGUIDED MEDIA It transmits the electromagnetic waves without using any physical medium. Therefore it is also known as wireless transmission. TYPES OF UNGUIDED MEDIA RADIO WAVES Radio waves are the electromagnetic waves that are transmitted in all the directions of free space. In the case of radio waves, the sending and receiving antenna are not aligned, i.e., the wave sent by the sending antenna can be received by any receiving antenna. TYPES OF UNGUIDED MEDIA MICROWAVES It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to be properly aligned with each other. The distance covered by the signal is directly proportional to the height of the antenna. TYPES OF UNGUIDED MEDIA MICROWAVE TYPES OF MICROWAVE TERRESTRIAL MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION Terrestrial Microwave transmission is a technology that transmits the focused beam of a radio signal from one ground-based microwave transmission antenna to another. Microwaves are the electromagnetic waves having the frequency in the range from 1GHz to 1000 GHz. Microwaves are unidirectional as the sending and receiving antenna is to be aligned, i.e., the waves sent by the sending antenna are narrowly focussed. TYPES OF UNGUIDED MEDIA MICROWAVE TYPES OF MICROWAVE SATELLITE MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION A satellite is a physical object that revolves around the earth at a known height. Satellite communication is more reliable nowadays as it offers more flexibility than cable and fibre optic systems. We can communicate with any point on the globe by using satellite communication. TYPES OF UNGUIDED MEDIA INFRARED An infrared transmission is a wireless technology used for communication over short ranges. The frequency of the infrared in the range from 300 GHz to 400 THz. It is used for short-range communication such as data transfer between two cell phones, TV remote operation, data transfer between a computer and cell phone resides in the same closed area. THANKS Does anyone have any questions? [email protected]  UnGuided Transmission Media - javatpoint RESOURCES Types of Transmission Media - GeeksforGeeks Transmission Media - Tutorialspoint