Human Biology 2 Head & Neck Anatomy PDF

Human Biology 2 Head & Neck Anatomy Skull Osteology 2024-2025 Part 2 Dr.Basheer Muhammed Jafar Salman Lecturer- Oral Surgery B.D.S, M.Sc, MFDS RCS ( Edinburgh )...

Human Biology 2 Head & Neck Anatomy Skull Osteology 2024-2025 Part 2 Dr.Basheer Muhammed Jafar Salman Lecturer- Oral Surgery B.D.S, M.Sc, MFDS RCS ( Edinburgh ) 1 Email: [email protected] References and further reading Martin Atkinson (2013): Anatomy For Dental Students. Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press. Lawrence E. Wineski (2018): Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions. 10th Edition, Wolters Kluwer. Margaret J. Fehrenbach ( 2021 ): Illustrated Anatomy Of The Head and Neck. 6th Edition. Saunders Elsevier. 2 Objectives : 1- Outline the landmark seen in the inferior view of the skull. 2- Identify the openings in the cranial base. 3- Describe the location, transmission, and areas connected by skull base openings. 4- Describe the cranial cavity. A- Bones forming the cranial cavity B- Anterior cranial fossa – Boundaries. – Floor. C- Middle cranial fossa – Boundaries. – Floor. D- Posterior cranial fossa – Boundaries. – Floor. 3  Inferior view of the skull Incisive fossa Landmarks: 1- Incisive Fossa: Location: In the midline short distance behind the central incisors. Connection: It receives the lower openings of the two incisive canals which communicate above with the corresponding halves of the nasal cavity. Transmission: 1- Nasopalatine nerve branch from maxillary nerve which is a branch from trigeminal nerve ( V ) 2- Greater palatine vessels 4  Inferior view of the skull 2- Greater & lesser palatine foramina: Location: Medial to the last molar tooth. Connection: GPF They are the inferior openings of a the greater palatine canal which greaterPalate leads into pterygopalatine fossa. G Transmission: Nerves and vessels of the same LPF name. lesser Palatine fosse 5 Pterygopalatine fossa  Inferior view of the skull obviosle ~ sorojection 3- Posterior nasal spine: Median projection in the posterior border of the hard - palate. - Aspire 4- Posterior nasal aperture: PNS Two openings divided by the nasal septum. masal posterior aperture PNA Nasal septum 6  Inferior view of the skull 1 causeeasy 5- Pterygoid processes: They are parts of the sphenoid bone. They are two plates, medial and lateral one. They are fused anteriorly but posteriorly free. 6- Pterygoid fossa: Located between the pterygoid plates. L M Pterygoid process Pterygoid fossa 7  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: 7- Foramen Ovale. Greater wing Location: of sphenoid Greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Ovale Connection: start Infratemporal fossa with middle cranial fossa. in the vault Transmission: mandtrisementena neuve Mandibular division of the trigeminal Detrosal lesser nerve, lesser petrosal nerve, accessory meningeal artery (branch Lara from maxillary artery). Middle cranial fossa 8 Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: 8- Foramen Spinosum: Location: Greater wing of the sphenoid bone, postero-lateral to foramen ovale. Greater wing Connection: of sphenoid Infratemporal fossa with middle cranial fossa. like ovale Transmission: Middle meningeal vessels (supply the meninges) and nervous spinosus branch of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. spinosum Middle cranial fossa 9  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: claserum) 9- Foramen lacerum: I Location: Between apex of petrous part of temporal bone, sphenoid bone and basilar part of the occipital bone, it Sphenoid is closed by cartilage. Foamen bone lacerum Connection: Base of the skull- with the middle sphenoid cranial fossa. Transmission: petrous i - Nerve of the pterygoid canal - Emissary veins (valveless veins basically join extracranial veins with intracranial venous sinuses). a linkiesacranial y Thietexternal rein Basilar part of occipital veins Petrous part of temporal bone Middle cranial fossa 10  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: 10- Carotid canal: Location: Petrous part of the temporal bone. Connection: Base of the skull with middle cranial fossa. like laceium Transmission: Petrous part of Internal carotid artery. temporal bone Carotid canal Middle cranial fossa 11  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: 11- Jugular foramen: Location: Behind the carotid canal. Between petrous bone anteriorly and occipital bone posteriorly. Connection: Base of the skull with posterior cranial fossa. Transmission: - Glossopharyngeal (IX) cranial nerve. O Petrous part of - Vagus (X) cranial nerve. temporal bone - Accessory (XI) cranial nerve. - Sigmoid venous sinus (becoming internal jugular vein). Jugular - Inferior petrosal venous sinus. Occipital foramen bone posterior 12 cranial fossa  Inferior view of the skull 12- Spine of the sphenoid. Irregular projection, posterior to foramen spinosum, gives Articular attachment for sphenomandibular tubercle ligament. elevented area 13- Mandibular fossa: jectmedilward Forming the articular surface for TMJ, anteriorly there is articular tubercle. Spine of sphenoid Mandibular fossa Spine of sphenoid 13  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: 14- Tympanic plate: Part of temporal bone, related to form the posterior wall of the mandibular fossa and anterior, inferior and posterior boundaries of external acoustic meatus. Mandibular fossa 15- Styloid process: Projecting downward from temporal bone, give attachment to ligaments and styloid musculature. External acoustic meatus Styloid process Tympanic plate 14 Tympanic plate  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: 16- Mastoid process. Part of the temporal bone, laterally gives attachment for sternomastoid muscle. Medially Styloid there is deep cleft (mastoid process notch) for posterior belly of digastric muscle attachment. 17- Stylomastoid foramen. Between styloid and mastoid process, transmits facial nerve. Mastoid process Stylomastoid foramen Mastoid notch 15  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: a ·netwi 18- Foramen magnum: Large opening within the occipital bone. Through which medulla which oblongata, meninges, spinal roots of the accessory nerves and vertebral view the arteries pass. , superior inferior lateral -- 19- Pharyngeal tubercle: Pharyngeal Small median elevation, anterior to tubercle foramen magnum, gives attachment for upper fibers of superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx. Foramen Foramen Magnum Magnum 16  Inferior view of the skull Landmarks: 20- Occipital condyles: On either side of the foramen magnum, they provide site of articulation of the skull with the first cervical vertebra (atlanto- occipital joint) ena 21- Hypoglossal canal: ent or erior Also called anterior condylar canal, Hypoglossal transmits hypoglossal nerve. canal 22- Condylar canal: Behind the condyle, transmits emissary vein. Condylar canal Occipital condyle Atlanto 17 joint occipital  Cribriform plate Optic canal Sup. Orbital fissure Sup. Orbital fissure Sup. Orbital fissure Stylomastoid foram. Int. acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Jugular foramen Jugular foramen Ophthalmic Sup. Orb fissure Hypoglossal canal Maxillary Rotudum 18 Mandibular Ovale Cranial Cavity Ethmoid Upon removal of the vault, Frontal bone the following bones forming bone the base of the cranial cavity: Frontal bone. Ethmoid bone. Sphenoid bone. Temporal bone. Sphenoid bone Occipital bone. Temporal bone vault Occipital 19 bone Cranial Cavity Anterior cranial fossa It cosists of three cavities ( fossae): Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa Posterior 20 cranial fossa Cranial Cavity Squamous part Anterior cranial fossa: of frontal bone Boundaries: From squamous part of the Orbital plate of frontal bone anteriorly to the frontal bone lesser wing and optic groove Cribriform posteriorly. plate Floor: It is formed by orbital plates of the frontal bone and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone laterally, while the cribriform plate of the ethmoid and part of the body of the sphenoid bone medially. Lesser wing of sphenoid Body of 21 sphenoid Optic groove Cranial Cavity Middle cranial fossa: Optic groove Boundaries: Body of sphenoid Anteriorly: posterior borders Lesser wing of the lesser wings of the of sphenoid Greater wing sphenoid and the optic of sphenoid groove. Posteriorly: superior borders of the petrous parts of the Sq. part of temporal temporal bones and dorsum sellae. Petrous part of temporal Floor: The central region of the fossa formed by body of the sphenoid bone. The lateral region of the fossa is formed by greater Superior border wing of the sphenoid bone, of petrous part petrous and squampous part of temporal of the of the temporal bone. 22 Dorsum sellae Cranial Cavity Posterior cranial fossa Boundaries: It extends from the superior border of petrous part of temporal bone anteriorly to squamous part of occipital bone posteriorly. Body of Floor: sphenoid It is formed by posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, body of the Superior border of petrous sphenoid, and the occipital bone. Posterior surface of petrous Occipital bone 23 Squamous part of occipital Review Questions Name the specific part of the bone & the landmarks. C B A D E F K J H G Review Questions F Name the specific part of the bone. D E B A G J I H Review Questions 1- Mention the anatomical areas communicated by the following opening: A- Incisive canal B- Greater palatine foramen C- Carotid canal D- jugular fossa E- Foramen Ovale 2- Correlate the following vessels/nerves with the corresponding bony opening: 1- Vagus cranial nerve A- Incisive canal 2- Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve 3- Facial nerve B- Greater palatine foramen 4- Emissary veins 5- Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve C- Carotid canal 6- Nerve of the pterygoid canal 7- lesser petrosal nerve D- Jugular fossa 8- Inferior petrosal venous sinus 9- Greater palatine nerve E- Foramen Ovale 10- Nasopalatine nerve F- Stylomastoid foramen 11- Accessory cranial nerve 12- Middle meningeal vessels G- Foramen magnum 13- Accessory meningeal artery 14- Spinal roots of accessory nerve H- Foramen Lacerum 15- Nervous spinosus I- Foramen spinosum 16- Greater palatine vessels 27 landin location connection transmission behind central incisors lower of two incive canals nasopalatine which openings - nerve incisive -- is a branch of nasal maxillary. nerve fossa = cavity branch of trigeminal nerve - greater Palatine vessels. greater + mehial to the last molar tooth inferior of greater palatine anal opening nerves + vessels - - lesser of the same name. Palatine fossa Jossa = pterygopalatine. foramen greater wing of sphenoid - infratemporal fossa ovale bone - middle cranial fossa foramen-greater wing of sphenoid - infratemporal fossa spinosum-posterolateral to ovale-middle cranial fossa of foramen - apex of petrosport temporal - Base of skull basically sphenoid bone eacraially afinis - lacerum - basilar part of occipital-middle crenial fossa withextera carotid-petrous part of temporal bone - Base of skull internal carotid canal middle crenial fossa artery - Base of jugular Behind carotid Canel Skull - anterior to petrous bone foramen posterior to occipital bone - posterior cranial fossa