Anatomy of Anterior Abdominal Wall PDF
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Uploaded by IncredibleAmethyst1124
National Ribat University
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Summary
This document provides an outline of the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall, including the skin, muscles, and associated structures like the rectus sheath and inguinal canal. It also details the fascial layers, blood supply, and lymph drainage. This document is useful for medical/biology students.
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AAW skin and subcutaneous tissues. Musculature of AAW. Rectus sheath & its contents. Inguinal canal. Skin of AAW is thin skin. Distribution of hair varies with sex, age and race. Natural lines of cleavage in the skin are constant. Run almost horizontally around the trunk. ...
AAW skin and subcutaneous tissues. Musculature of AAW. Rectus sheath & its contents. Inguinal canal. Skin of AAW is thin skin. Distribution of hair varies with sex, age and race. Natural lines of cleavage in the skin are constant. Run almost horizontally around the trunk. An incision along a cleavage line will heal as a narrow scar, while one that crosses the lines will heal as a wide scar. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA SFF of AAW divided into 2 layers: a. Fatty layer: CAMPER fascia. b. Membranous layer: SCARPA’S fascia. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA SCARPA’S fascia: A thin layer. Fades out laterally & above. Becomes continuous with the superficial fascia of the back and the thorax. Descends to the front of thigh to fuse with fascia lata. In the midline inferiorly forms a tubular sheath for the penis or clitoris. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA SCARPA’S fascia: Below in the perineum, enters the wall of the scrotum or labia majora From there it passes to be attached on each side to the margins of pubic arch, here it is called Colle’s fascia. DEEP FASCIA A thin layer of CT. Covering muscles of AAW. It lies immediately deep to the membranous layer of the superficial fascia. Is derived from the anterior rami of the lower six thoracic and first lumbar nerves. Skin near the midline: supplied by: o Superior epigastric A (internal thoracic A). o Inferior epigastric A (external iliac A). Skin of the flanks: supplied by: o Branches from the intercostal, lumbar, and deep circumflex arteries. By a network of veins. Radiated from umbilicus. Above umbilicus: drains to axillary vein via the lateral thoracic vein. Below umbilicus: to femoral vein via the superficial epigastric. Few small veins, the paraumbilical veins form a clinically important portal-system venous anastomosis. Above umbilicus: To anterior axillary (pectoral group of nodes). Below umbilicus: To the superficial inguinal nodes. Include 3 flank muscles (muscular sheet around body wall). Also a central belly of muscle (rectus abdominis beside mid line on both sides). In addition to a small muscle (pyramidalis), which may be absent. The 3 flank muscles include: a) External oblique. b) Internal oblique. c) Transversus abdominis. Is a long fibrous sheath. Encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscle (if present). It contains: i. Rectus abdominis. ii. Pyramidalis. iii. Anterior rami of lower six thoracic nerves. iv. Superior and inferior epigastric vessels. v. Lymph vessels. Formed mainly by aponeurosis of three lateral abdominal muscles. For description it is considered at three levels: Above the costal margin: Anterior wall formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique. Posterior wall is formed by the thoracic wall. Between the costal margin ASIS: The aponeurosis of the internal oblique splits to enclose the rectus muscle. The external oblique aponeurosis is directed in front of the muscle. Transversus aponeurosis is directed behind the muscle. Between ASIS & Pubis: The aponeurosis of all three muscles form the anterior wall. The posterior wall is absent. The rectus muscle lies in contact with the fascia transversalis. The posterior wall of the rectus sheath is not attached to the rectus abdominis muscle. The anterior wall is firmly attached to it by the muscle’s tendinous intersections. Includes: It contains: i. Spermatic cord (in male). ii. Round ligament of uterus (in female). iii. Ilioinguinal nerve. SPERMATIC CORD FASCIAL COVERING OF SPERMATIC CORD These are: i. Processus vaginalis testis. ii. Tunica vaginalis. iii. Gubernaculum testis. PROCESSUS VAGINALIS TESTIS TUNICA VAGINALIS GUBERNACULUM TESTIS