فصل 01: المحاسبة والتقارير المالية PDF

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Susan Comer Galbraith, Charles W. Caldwell, John A. Booker, Cynthia J. Ronney

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accounting financial statements business management

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This chapter introduces basic accounting concepts and financial statements, covering topics like accounting equation, asset, liability, and equity. It also details the different types of business activities and their relation to accounting.

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‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.com -‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪01‬‬ ‫ﺕﻫﻮﺃﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔﻫـﺍﻷﺳﺉﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺉﻢﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬...

‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.com -‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪01‬‬ ‫ﺕﻫﻮﺃﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔﻫـﺍﻷﺳﺉﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺉﻢﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻮ‪:PowerPoint‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻥﻛﻮﻣﺮ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﺮﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﺑﻠﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺪﻭﻳﻞ‪،‬ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺟﻮﻥ ﺇﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﻛﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‪،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﻴﻨﺜﻴﺎ ﺟﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‪،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ‪.McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. © 2011‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺠﺮﻭﻫﻴﻞ‪/‬ﺇﻳﺮﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪2 -1‬‬ ‫ﺏﻓﺎﺉﺪﺓﺃﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔﻫـﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫‪1‬ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺉﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺛﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻂﺃﻭﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ)ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ( ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺷﺮﺍءﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎﻭﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔﺃﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫـﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻮﻝ=ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪+‬ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪4 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔﺍﻭﻭﻧﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪:1‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮﺭ ‪30‬‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻧﻘﺪﺍً ﻟﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻧﻘﺪﺍ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ)ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ(‬ ‫‪5 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹﺷﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪:2‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺱﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻝﺝﺭﻣﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻱﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪،Chas Taylor، FastForward‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 2500‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻧﻘﺪﺍً‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻧﻘﺪﺍ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺯﻡ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫‪6 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹﺷﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪:3‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻫـﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﻝﺝﺭﻣﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ FastForward‬ﺑﺸﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟـ‬ ‫‪26000‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻧﻘﺪﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻧﻘﺪﺍ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫‪7 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹﺷﺮﺍء‬‫ﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪:4‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺱﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰﺝﺭﻳﺪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ FastForward‬ﺑﺸﺮﺍء ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 7100‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺯﻡ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﻨﺔ)ﻣﺴﺉﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ(‬ ‫‪8 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹﺭﻭﻓﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪:5‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺱﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟـﺝﺭﻣﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻡﻣﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 4200‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻧﻘﺪﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻧﻘﺪﺍ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ)ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ(‬ ‫‪9 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹﺃﻳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪6‬ﻭ‪:7‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻝﻫـﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﻲﺝﺭﻣﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻊﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ‪ 1000‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺭﺍً ﻭ‪ 700‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺗﺐﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻧﻘﺪﺍ)ﺃﺻﻞ(‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺭﻳﻒ)ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ(‬ ‫‪10 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺱﻋﻤُﺮﻱ ﻣﻦﺕﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬ ‫‪11 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻑﻣﺎﻟﻲﺱﺗﺼﺮﻳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎﻧﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺠﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪4‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪12 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎﻧﻜﻮﻡﺱﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞﻳﺼﻒ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻭﻓﺎﺕﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪13 -1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺹ‪2‬‬ ‫‪14 -1‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺏﺃﻻﻧﺲﺱﻫﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪15 -1‬‬ ‫ﺱﺑﻴﺎﻥﺝﺭﻣﺎﺩﻑﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺹ‪2‬‬ ‫‪16 -1‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪01‬‬

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