Hydrotherapy (PTBA 326) Lecture Notes PDF

HYDROTHERAPY (PTBA 326) PRESENTED BY DR. MAI ABO ELHAMD, PHD, PT, CAIRO UNIVERSITY  COURSE AIM This course provides the student with knowledge about the use of water for pain relief and treatment. The term encompasses a broad range of approaches and therapeutic methods that take advanta...

HYDROTHERAPY (PTBA 326) PRESENTED BY DR. MAI ABO ELHAMD, PHD, PT, CAIRO UNIVERSITY  COURSE AIM This course provides the student with knowledge about the use of water for pain relief and treatment. The term encompasses a broad range of approaches and therapeutic methods that take advantage of the physical properties of water, such as temperature and pressure, for therapeutic purposes, to stimulate blood circulation and treat the symptoms of certain diseases RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOK Bellew J, Michlovitz S, Nolan T. Modalities For Therapeutic Intervention. Ch 5. F. A. Davis Company Philadelphia. 2016. 6 th ed. COURSE ASSESSMENT Total course assessment grade= 100 Quizzes = 5 marks Assignments = 5 marks Mid term = 10 marks (week 8) Final oral exam = 15 Final practical exam = 15 Final written exam = 50 marks HYDROTHERAPY DEF., Hydrotherapy is a Greek words hydro means "water" and therapy means "healing". Hydrotherapy is therapeutic modality that uses water in any form or temperature (hot, cold, steam, liquid, ice) for the treatment of physical or psychological dysfunction. Hydrotherapy is specifically designed to improve neuromuscular, skeletal and proprioceptive functions in patients with acute, subacute and chronic disabilities  PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER An understanding of water’s static and dynamic properties as they apply to immersion and exercise is important to appropriately and effectively use hydrotherapy for therapeutic interventions. physical properties of water, include buoyancy, viscosity, hydrostatic pressure, hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, physiological effects, and mechanics. Water is unique in that it is the natural substance that is found in all three states (liquid, solid, and gas) at the temperatures normally found on Earth, i.e., water freezes at 0 Celsius (C) and boils at 100 C (at sea level). 1- BUOYANCY Definition: Buoyancy is the upward force that works opposite to gravity. Properties: Archimedes’ principle states when a body is entirely or partially immersed in fluid at rest, it experiences an upward thrust equal to the weight of the fluid displaces The buoyancy of an object in water depends on its density (mass per unit volume). Objects that are denser than water will have less buoyancy and will tend to sink. Objects that are less dense than water will experience more buoyancy and will tend to float. The densities of various substances can be described by a number value known as specific gravity. Specific gravity: is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water. Water has specific gravity of 1.0 at 4°C, and the human body has a specific gravity of 0.974. iv. Buoyancy force can be further increased by; ✓ Increasing water density, i.e., adding salt to the water. ✓ Attaching air-filled objects to the body, e.g., life vest, arm bands. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATER, ICE AND HUMAN TISSUES substance Specific gravity Water 1.0 Ice 0.917 Human body with air in lungs 0.97 Human body without air in lungs 1.1 Subcutaneous fat 0.85 Bone(femur) 1.85 Bone(vertebral bone) 0.47 WHO WILL BENEFIT MORE MALE OR FEMALE? OBESE OR THIN? Obese individuals will have increased buoyancy because fat tissue has a lower specific gravity than most other tissues. Females have greater buoyancy than males because females have a higher body fat percentage. CLINICAL IMPLICATION OF BUOYANCY: Decrease stress and compression on weight bearing joints, muscles, connective tissue. Support the body during therapeutic exercises and provides postural stabilization during performing exercises. Thus help the therapist to access and handle the patient. CAN BUOYANCY BE USED TO ASSIST OR RESIST MOVEMENTS DURING EXERCISES?? 2- HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Definition: It is the pressure that the water exert on immersed objects. Properties: Pascal’s law states that the pressure exerted by fluid on an immersed object is equal on all surfaces of the object. As the density of water or depth of immersion increase, so does hydrostatic pressure. The pressure exerted on the distal parts (i.e., feet and legs) of an upright immersed body is greater than that exerted on the upper parts of the body (i.e., arms and shoulders). Hydrostatic pressure clinical implication (for immersion) Increase venous return, lymphatic drainage and circulation. Decrease edema. Help to improve circulatory and respiratory functions. Support unstable joints and weak muscles 3- VISCOSITY Definition: It is friction occurring between molecules of liquid resulting in resistance to flow. Properties: water viscosity provides resistance against body movement. i.The resistance of viscosity is velocity-dependent, i.e., it is directly proportional to the speed of body movement. ii.Increasing the frontal area, increases the resistance of viscosity. iii.Frontal area can be increased using fins and pedals, etc. iv. If the movement stops, the water resistance falls to zero which provides safety to the patient. VISCOSITY IS USED CLINICALLY IN UNDERWATER EXERCISES TO; i. Increase resistance against limb movement inside the water which increase muscle strength e.g., walking under water can help strength the muscles of the lower limb with less loads on the joints. ii. Increase muscle strength as water provide 12 times the air resistance. iii. The resisted exercise performed underwater burns high number of calories. iv. Stimulates skin receptors which help in pain relief as well as in cases of sensory loss or impairment. THANK YOU