General Physiology Lecture Notes PDF

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- : :: 101 : 4 : 3 : : : : : -2. ( - - : -3 :. -1 -2 - -3. :. -1 -2 - -3. : -1. -. -2. -3. -4 :. -1 -. -2 General Physiology : ▪ An introduction of general physiology. ▪ Nutrition and Digestion. ▪ Absorption. ▪ Metabolism. ▪ Excretion. ▪ Respiration. ▪ Circulation system, Blood and Lymph. ▪ Reproductive system. ▪ Nervous System. ▪ Endocrine System and hormone’s function.  Physiology and life processes Physiology tells us how our bodies work structurally and functionally. The most important life processes of human: Metabolism: includes catabolism and anabolism that provides energy and body components. Excitability: ability to sense changes in and around us. Conductivity: ability to carry the effects of stimulus from part of a cell to another. Contractility: ability to contract in response to stimulus. Growth: Reproduction  Homeostasis Role of body system in maintaining homeostasis: Components of body system Circulatory system Transports nutrients, oxygen, CO2, wastes, electrolytes and hormones through the body. Digestive system: Digestive system: Obtains nutrients, water and electrolytes from the external environment and transfers them into the plasma; eliminates undigested food residues to the external environment.  Respiratory system Respiratory system: Obtains oxygen and eliminates CO2 to the external environment; helps regulate pH by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.  Urinary system: Urinary system: Important in regulating the volume, electrolyte composition, and pH of the internal environment; removes waste and excess water, salt, acid and other electrolytes from the plasma and eliminate them into the urine.  Muscular and skeletal system: Muscular and skeletal system: Supports and protects body parts and allows body movements, heat generated by muscular contraction are important in temperature regulation, calcium stored in the bones. Immune system: Immune system: Defense against foreign invaders and cancer cells; tissue repair.  Nervous system: Nervous system: Information from the external environment, also acts through electrical signals to control rapid responses for higher functions such as concentration, memory, and creativity.  Endocrine system: Endocrine system: Acts by hormones secreted into the blood to control processes that require duration rather than speed, such as metabolic activity, water and electrolytes balances. the reproductive system the reproductive system has four functions: To produce egg and sperm cells. To transport and sustain these cells. To nurture the developing offspring  Content of Physiology - General knowledge of some body systems from the anatomical point of view : -Structure of skeletal system, bone connection and physiological factors affecting bone growth -Digestive system, mechanism of digestion , factors affecting enzymes and hormones secretion for digestion -Structure of circulatory system , Blood synthesis , Physiological factor affecting blood components -Structure and function of neuromuscular system -Structure and function of urinogenital system , Mechanism of urine formation