Matter Composition Lecture Notes PDF

Department Name Matter composition Dr.Rehab Abdel Sattar LECTURE OUTLINE Matter Chemical properties of matters. Physical properties of matters. LECTURE ILOs Student will be able to understand the difference between chemical and physical properties of matter....

Department Name Matter composition Dr.Rehab Abdel Sattar LECTURE OUTLINE Matter Chemical properties of matters. Physical properties of matters. LECTURE ILOs Student will be able to understand the difference between chemical and physical properties of matter. Student will be able to apply criteria of chemical and physical properties of matter. Student will be able to analyze the difference between intensive and extensive properties of matter. Matter: Matter : Classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. Matters are composed of atoms, which can be imagined as a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a surrounding "cloud" of orbiting electrons which "take up space". chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. there are "strong bonds" or "primary bonds" such as covalent, ionic and metallic bonds, and "weak bonds" or "secondary bonds" such as dipole–dipole interactions, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding. Chemical properties of matter Chemical properties are characteristics that can only be measured or observed as matter transforms into a particular type of matter. The tendency of matter to react chemically with other substances is known as reactivity. Chemical properties of matter: Reactivity – The tendency of matter to combine chemically with other substances is known as reactivity. Certain materials are highly reactive, whereas others are extremely inactive. Potassium, for example, is extremely reactive, even in the presence of water. Flammability – The tendency of matter to burn is referred to as flammability. As matter burns, it reacts with oxygen and transforms into various substances.  Toxicity – Toxicity refers to the extent to which a chemical element or a combination of chemicals may harm an organism. Acidity – A substance’s ability to react with an acid is a chemical property. Physical properties of matter physical property is an attribute of matter that is independent of its chemical composition. Density, colour, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity are all examples of physical properties. Intensive and Extensive Properties of Matter : An intensive property is a bulk property, which means it is a system’s local physical property that is independent of the system’s size or volume of material. Pressure and temperature, for example, are intensive properties. A property that is dependent on the amount of matter in a sample is known as an extensive property. Extensive properties incl Some important intensive and extensive properties Some important intensive & extensive properties: Mass: amount of matter contained in a physical body. Density = mass/ volume. Volume: Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed system. References: The Physics and Chemistry of Materials Joel I. Gersten, Frederick W. Smith, Smith · 2001 · Snippet view