Lab Safety, Glassware & Equipment, Basic Lab Techniques PDF

Lab Safety, Glassware & Equipment, and Basic Lab Techniques CHEM 1206 LAB What is a chemical laboratory? A chemical laboratory has the necessary equipment for preparation of samples and standards for various analyses of liquid and solid samples. According to the Chemistry Law of t...

Lab Safety, Glassware & Equipment, and Basic Lab Techniques CHEM 1206 LAB What is a chemical laboratory? A chemical laboratory has the necessary equipment for preparation of samples and standards for various analyses of liquid and solid samples. According to the Chemistry Law of the Philippines (RA 10657), a chemical laboratory is a facility where activities such as chemical analysis and chemical synthesis are performed. Why is chemical laboratory management important? SAFETY. Sound welfare or reduced risk of the person doing the activity, the people within the area and its nearby community; preserve the life, health, and bodily integrity of individuals. QUALITY ASSURANCE. Ensuring that the laboratory maintains an acceptable level of quality in terms of the services or products delivered. Neglecting Safety: Accidents in the Laboratory Texas Tech University Lab Explosion Neglecting Safety: Accidents in the Laboratory Accidental Poisoning of Karen Wetterhahn Neglecting Safety: Accidents in the Laboratory Fire Razes the Institute of Chemistry, UP Neglecting Safety: Accidents in the Laboratory Chemistry Wing Burned Down in the Early 1990s Keys to Achieving Efficient Chemical Laboratory Management The laboratory must conform to acceptable standards. RA 6541 (National Building Code of the Philippines) PD 856 (Code of Sanitation of the Philippines)  Keys to Achieving Efficient Chemical Laboratory Management Well-lit Well-ventilated A laboratory space of at least 1 sqm per student. Have provisions for Non-slip floor Safety Unobstructed fire exit Enclosure of gas cylinders set outside  Keys to Achieving Efficient Chemical Laboratory Management Well-lit Well-ventilated A laboratory space of at least 1 sqm per student. Have provisions for Non-slip floor Safety Unobstructed fire exit Enclosure of gas cylinders set outside  Keys to Achieving Efficient Chemical Laboratory Management Know your chemicals! Globally Harmonized System (GHS) - is an internationally agreed-upon system to standardize chemical hazard classification and communication. Flammable Oxidizer Corrosiv Explosiv Toxic e e Substance Irritant Environmental Compress Health Hazard ed gas Hazard  Keys to Achieving Efficient Chemical Laboratory Management Know your chemicals! Chemical Hazard Label FLAMMABILITY HEALTH HAZARD REACTIVITY (STABILITY) SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS Keys to Achieving Efficient Chemical Laboratory Management Know your chemicals! Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Physical Data Toxicity and Reactivity Data Health, Fire and Explosion Hazards Spill/leak Procedures Protection Information and First-Aid Measures Special Precautions (storage, disposal, etc.) General Safety Principles Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and proper attire. Long hair must be tied back. No open-toed shoes. General Safety Principles Remove gloves before handling objects such as doorknobs, telephones, pens, computer keyboards, pH meter or other electronic buttons, or phones while in lab. Throw away gloves anytime you take them off. You should expect to use several pairs of gloves in any given lab period. General Safety Principles Know the locations and operating instructions for the fire extinguishers, first aid kit, eye washes and showers. General Safety Principles Keep burners in the middle of the lab table, not on the edge. When heating liquids in test tubes,. never point the tube toward yourself or anyone else Never heat the test tube directly at the bottom but tilt the tube and heat it gently between the bottom of the tube and the top of the liquid. Use boiling chips when boiling liquids in a flask or beaker to prevent bumping. General Safety Principles Keep tabletops clean. Return all equipment to its original location before leaving the lab. Clean all spills immediately. General Safety Principles Report all accidents, no matter how minor, to the instructor. If you break something made of glass, be sure to use dustpan and hand broom to sweep it up and dispose of it properly. General Safety Principles Never return chemicals to bottles of their origin. If you have excess, give it to another student or throw it away. Check labels on containers twice to make sure you use the right chemical and of the correct concentration. General Safety Principles Always add concentrated acids or bases to water, never water to concentrated acids or bases. Use fume hoods when noxious fumes may be present in an experiment or use wafting. General Safety Principles Never put anything in your mouth while in the lab (including chemicals, solutions, equipment, cigarettes, food, drink, or gum). General Safety Principles Avoid wasteful use of reagents and other laboratory supplies. Solid wastes such as paper must be disposed in trash bin, never in the sink. Replace reagent bottle caps immediately after removal of reagent. Hold stoppers of reagent bottles between fingers; never set a stopper on the tabletop. When taking liquid reagent, never pipet directly from the reagent bottle, transfer a small amount in a beaker and pipet from the beaker. Do not return excess reagent to a bottle, unless directed to do so. General Safety Principles Before leaving the laboratory room, ensure that;  Your designated table top is wiped clean and dry and free from solid wastes and spills  Put the room in order, floors are swept of dirt. Cleaning of laboratory glassware required for the experiment should be done at the start and after the laboratory period. Glassware should be washed with detergent solution then with ample amount of tap water, after which with several portions of distilled water First Aid for Laboratory Hazard CUTS Wash with soap and water; Apply pressure with a piece of cotton wool; Disinfect the area with a skin antiseptic Cover with a waterproof dressing HEAT BURNS Immediately immerse the burnt area into cold water Cover with a dry dressing CHEMICAL BURNS Wash immediately with large quantities of water and neutralize with a suitable chemicals If an acid burns, neutralize with sodium bicarbonate If an alkaline burns, neutralize with boric acid powder Seek medical attention First Aid for Laboratory Hazard CHEMICAL INJURY TO EYE Wash the affected eye as quickly as possible with large quantities of running water If an acid injury, neutralize with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution If an alkaline injury, neutralize with 5% acetic acid Seek medical attention POISONING. FOR SWALLOWING OF AN ACID OR ALKALI Immediately rinse the mouth well with water If acid has been swallowed, neutralize by drinking 8% magnesium hydroxide suspension (milk of magnesia) If alkali has been swallowed, neutralize by drinking lemon juice or 5% acetic acid GLASSWARE AND APPARATUS  GLASSWARE TEST TUBE. A clear, cylindrical glass tube with a rounded end and an open one that is used to hold small amounts of a chemical during experiments and tests TEST TUBE RACK. Use to hold multiple test tubes upright at the same time. They are especially useful for organizing test tubes when different solutions are being worked on or collected at once.  GLASSWARE TEST TUBE HOLDER. It is used for holding a test tube in place when the tube is hot or should not be touched. ASPIRATOR. A device that is able to produce a vacuum by using the Venturi effect.  GLASSWARE CRUCIBLE. Is a cup-shaped piece of laboratory equipment used to contain chemical compounds when heating them to very high temperatures. The receptacle is usually made of porcelain or an inert metal. MORTAR AND PESTLE. To crush up solid chemicals or samples into smaller pieces, or to grind solids into fine powder. This makes it easier to dissolve solids into solvents  GLASSWARE CRUCIBLE TONG. To lift a hot crucible from a furnace or for other items which cannot be handled with bare hands. WIRE GAUZE. is a sheet of thin metal that has net-like patterns or a wire mesh. Gauze is placed on the support ring that is attached to the retort stand between the Bunsen burner and the glassware to support the beakers, flasks, or other glassware during heating.  GLASSWARE BEAKER. Used to hold liquid or solid samples or as a container for reactions. It is a multi- purpose piece of equipment used for containing a chemical reaction, measuring liquids, heating or collecting them in a titration experiment. ERLENMEYER FLASK. Used to contain liquids and for mixing, heating, cooling, incubation, filtration, storage, and other liquid-handling processes.  GLASSWARE VOLUMETRIC FLASK. Also known as measuring flask or graduated flask, a piece of laboratory apparatus, a type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a precise volume at a certain temperature. GRADUATED CYLINDER. Graduated cylinders are long, slender vessels used for measuring the volumes of liquids. They are not intended for mixing, stirring, heating, or weighing.  GLASSWARE FUNNEL. Are used to channel liquids or fine- grained chemicals (powders) into other glass wares with a narrow neck or opening. WATCH GLASS. A watch glass is a round, concave glass dish used for evaporation in chemistry. It can also be employed for weighing solids and as a lid for flasks and beakers.  GLASSWARE GLASS ROD. A piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory purposes. They are usually made of solid glass, about the thickness and slightly longer than a drinking straw, with rounded ends. VIALS. A flat-bottomed glass containers with either screw-on tops or stoppers. They come in many sizes and shapes and are used to hold small amounts of liquids or solids. GLASSWARE DROPPER. Used to transfer small quantities of liquids EVAPORATING DISH. Used for the evaporation of liquids and solutions to produce a solid substance or concentrated solutions.  GLASSWARE PIPETTE. To measure out or transfer small quantities of liquid, in volumes of milliliters (mL), microliters (μL). To dispense (TD) To contain (TC) BURETTE. A graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for delivering known volumes of a liquid, especially in titrations. GLASSWARE RING STAND. To hold glassware in place during an experimental procedure. TRIPOD STAND. As a platform to hold and support glassware, such as beakers and flasks, during experiments and when the glassware is not in use GLASSWARE MUFFLE FURNACE. A heating device that meets the precise temperature control and temperature uniformity requirements of laboratory work. DESICCATOR. An airtight container which maintains an atmosphere of low humidity through the use of a suitable drying agent which occupies the bottom part of the desiccator.  BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES HEATING SOLUTION IN BEAKERS If liquid is to be heated in a beaker or a flask, the beaker or the flask is placed on a wire gauze which in turn is placed on a tripod stand For safe boiling, it is advisable to add boiling chips to avoid bumping. The apparatus, which is used for measuring volume, should also not be heated because heating may distort it and graduations may become invalid. FILTRATION Filtration involves separation of a solid from a liquid by passing the liquid through a porous material. Filter paper cone should not be filled more than two-thirds. If level of the liquid being filtered rises above the cone, then some unfiltered solution may pass into the beaker kept below the funnel to collect the filtrate. MEASURING VOLUME Usually volumetric flasks, graduated cylinders, pipettes and burettes are used for measuring volume of liquids. Pipettes and burettes are calibrated to deliver certain specific volume of a liquid at a specified temperature. Aqueous solutions wet the glass surface, therefore these form concave meniscus when filled in these equipment. THANK YOU!