Practical Organic Chemistry-I Lab 2 (Fall Semester 2024) PDF

Practical Organic Chemistry-I (fall Semester 2024) Lab 2 Chemical Character (Soda lime, Element test) General Scheme For Identification of Organic compounds  Identification of Organic compounds II- Chemical Character...

Practical Organic Chemistry-I (fall Semester 2024) Lab 2 Chemical Character (Soda lime, Element test) General Scheme For Identification of Organic compounds  Identification of Organic compounds II- Chemical Character ‫الخواص الكيميائية‬ Action of Soda Lime Element Test Action of FeCl3 Action of Na2CO3 Laboratory equipment I- Action of Soda Lime  I- Action of Soda Lime Not applied for liquid samples. Why ? Applied For solid samples only, observation is odor. ❖ This is an example of dry reaction {solvent free condition (SFC)}. Composition: Mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) & calcium oxide (CaO) Hydrolysis Dehydration Decarboxylation The main action of soda lime is due to NaOH while CaO dehydrates only.  I- Action of Soda Lime Procedure Observation after Grinding well Odor No Odor Transfer the content to test tube , heat on flame and smell odor produced. Odor on Cold Odor on Hot  I- Action of Soda Lime Observation Odor on Cold Odor on Hot Amm. odor (amm. salts) Amm. odor (amides) Fishy odor (aniline salts) Fishy odor (anilides) Benzene odor (benzoic acid or its salt) Phenolic odor (salicylic acid or its salt) Burnt sugar (carbohydrates or hydroxy aliphatic acids or their salts)  I- Action of Soda Lime Mechanism of Action Hydrolysis Decarboxylation Dehydration  1- Hydrolysis ❖ On Cold Sample + Soda lime Odor ❖ On Hot ❖ Odor on Cold 1- Ammonia Odor Ammonium salts + Soda lime Ammonia odor Amm. Odor CaO CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH4OH On Cold Amm. acetate Sod. acetate Amm. hydroxide  1-Hydrolysis ❖ Odor on Cold 2- Fishy Odor Aniline salts + Sodalime Fishy Odor (Aniline) CaO + NaOH + NaCl + H2O On Cold Aniline Hydrochloride Aniline Fishy Odor  1-Hydrolysis ❖ Odor on Hot 1- Ammonia Odor Amide + Soda lime Ammonia odor Urea Ammonia  1-Hydrolysis ❖ Odor on Hot 2- Fishy Odor Anilides (Benzanilide) + Soda lime Fishy Odor (Aniline) Benzanilide Aniline  2- Decarboxylation Sample + Soda lime Odor ❖ On Hot ❖ Odor on Hot 1- Benzene Odor Benzoic acid or its salt + Soda lime Benzene odor CaO + NaOH + Na2CO3 On Hot Sodium benzoate Benzene  2- Decarboxylation ❖ Odor on Hot 2- Phenolic Odor Salisylic acid or it’s salt + Soda lime Phenolic odor CaO + NaOH + Na2CO3 On Cold Sod. Salicylate Phenol  3- Dehydration Sample + Soda lime Odor ❖ On Hot 1- Burnt Sugar Odor Carbohydrates + Soda lime Burnt sugar odor  How to write soda lime test in the scheme I- Observation ❖ Odor on Cold Fishy Odor Ammonia Odor Comment: It may be Aniline salts Comment: It may be Ammonium salts ❖ Odor on Hot ❖ Odor on Hot No Change No Change obs. Odor: Burnt sugar odor Ammonium salts of hydroxy aliphatic acids (Amm. Citrate) Don’t forget comment  How to write step of soda lime on scheme II- Observation ❖ Odor on Cold ❖ Odor on Hot No characteristic observation Observation Amm. odor Fishy odor Benzene odor Phenolic odor Burnt sugar odor Amides Anilides Benzoic acid or its salt Salicylic acid or its salt Carbohydrates or hydroxy aliphatic acids or their salts Don’t forget comment Comment: It may be……..  II- Element Test This test is done to detect the prescence of N, S and X (Cl, Br, F, I). Observation for each element N S Cl Test Test Test Soda lime test AgNO3 BaCl2 Observation Observation Observation Ammonia or fishy odor White ppt of AgCl White ppt of BaSO4 ❖ ex. Aniline, Amide ❖ ex. Aniline H2SO4 ❖ ex. Aniline HCl Thank you