Lab 1 by haya almanea PDF

‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ إ(ٮ*ى أﺳﺄﻟﻚ (ڡﻬﻢ اﻟ(ٮ‪1‬ٮ‪2‬ٮيﻦ وﺣ(ڡﻆ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠ‪2‬ٮﻦ واﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ اﻟﻤ@ڡر‪1‬ٮيﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ ا‪1‬ﺣﻌﻞ أﻟﺴ(ٮ@ٮ(ٮﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺮة ‪1‬ٮﺬﻛﺮك‪ ،‬و@ڡﻠو‪1‬ٮ(ٮﺎ ‪1‬ٮ(ﺤﺸ‪2‬ٮ@ٮﻚ‪ ،‬وأﺳرار(ٮﺎ ‪1‬ٮﻄﺎﻋ@ٮﻚ‪،‬‬...

‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ إ(ٮ*ى أﺳﺄﻟﻚ (ڡﻬﻢ اﻟ(ٮ‪1‬ٮ‪2‬ٮيﻦ وﺣ(ڡﻆ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠ‪2‬ٮﻦ واﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ اﻟﻤ@ڡر‪1‬ٮيﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ ا‪1‬ﺣﻌﻞ أﻟﺴ(ٮ@ٮ(ٮﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺮة ‪1‬ٮﺬﻛﺮك‪ ،‬و@ڡﻠو‪1‬ٮ(ٮﺎ ‪1‬ٮ(ﺤﺸ‪2‬ٮ@ٮﻚ‪ ،‬وأﺳرار(ٮﺎ ‪1‬ٮﻄﺎﻋ@ٮﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ٮﻞ‪·.‬‬ ‫إ(ٮﻚ ﻋﲆ كﻞ ﳾء @ڡﺪٮ ‪2‬ﺮ وﺣﺴ‪1‬ٮ(ٮﺎ ﷲ و(ٮﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﻛ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪Laboratory session 1‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪Epithelial tissue & Glands‬‬ ‫‪This lab is based on Anatomy L8, memorize it very well to make it easier for you‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: 31 -‬‬ ‫·‬ ‫'‪Batch 21'+ Batch 22‬‬  Objectives: 1. Recognize the types of epithelia and determine their function based on structure. 2. Identify the types of glands 3. Differentiate between serous and mucus secretory units. 4. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands. 5. Recognize the specialization of the apical cell surface.  used for a · Epithelium tissue is 1) Protection 2) Secretion Introduction: 3) Absorption In this laboratory session, you will identify different types of epithelia and correlate each type with its function and location. You will observe different cell shapes and organizations and the way they are interconnected by cell junctions. Note that the epithelium typically forms a barrier that covers the surfaces of the body and Ilines tubesI and [ductsIthat communicate with the surface. It also lines the body cavities, the heart and - the blood and lymphatic vessels, and the digestive and genitourinary tracts. Epithelial tissue can divide - proliferate grow - are found linning ↓ the curity/covering some act as secretory like glands  H and E stain Staining: is the most common type used There are many different histology stains in use. Most histologic dyes are classified E either as acidic or as basic dyes. For instance, in the hematoxylin-eosin stain (H&E), the - - hematoxylin-metal complex acts as a basic dye. The eosin acts as an CacidicI dye. Any structure that is stained with the basic dye is considered to be[basophilic.I A structure that is stained by an acidic dye is referred to as [acidophilic.I With eosin, acidophilic structures appear in various shades of pink. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) is known as “ routine stain” as it is used “routinely” with all tissue specimens in histology and pathology labs. acidic dye acidophilic - eusin- need stains to show them G basic dye to basophilic they hematoxilin acts ac abodie * basophilic  Types of Epithelia tissue type of body Lining epithelia Glandular epithelia found cell found lining cavities Secretory ↑ ~ eg : stomach lining a in glands also they as can act secretory cells like in secreting HCL  Types of Lining Epithelia Separated according to the number of layers Simple Stratified Ohr 2 or more layer layers divided based on the of the cell shape or morphology Flat cubed column-like Squamous Cuboidal Columnar  ~ in reality it is only layer a Jone layer tall and cylindr shaped one all cells rest on withfluf cells the basment membrane and Hat nuclei short , cube-like shaped - the nucleiare Presented - - - - - ↳ - - ↳ many layers........ short , cube-shaped with / ↳ many layers / I Flat= squamous -... I exlendens changes or  Simple Squamous Epithelium. ⑦ & °.. can find places which in require exchange diffusion , , or even filtration All the cells are the basment resting on membrane Flat cells with flat nuclei connectiveHis e - is  Mesothelium-Mesentery ~ simple squamous epithelium of the small intestine that - double layer membrane intestine connects the small to the abdominal wall small intestined Photomicrograph shows Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium). This is not a section but a surface view of a part of the mesentery. Note the shape of cells (polygonal, flat with dark-stained nuclei).  Endothelium-Blood Vessel ·lining a tube or cavity quameium x nessels Fluf nucleus - i blood vessels Photomicrographs show Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium): flat cells with flat nuclei that line the blood - vessels.  Renal corpuscle & simple squamous the -> epithelium of kidney a -tough capillary covered with called capsule Bowman's capsule b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show simple squamous epithelium lining parietal layer of Bowman's capsule of renal corpuscle found in the renal cortex (Hematoxylin stain) Simple Cuboidal Epithelium withshorte a onelayer ↳o have round S nuclei Mainly serves in secretory functions  Kidney Tubules ↳epithelium in Kidney -...... the lining of the tubule can secrete substances [secretion] b a Photomicrographs in different mag., show Simple cuboidal epithelium found in kidney tubules. Nucleus is usually Cround located in the centerI of the cells.  round structure & Thyroid Follicles - simple cuboidal round in thyroid gland ricsollich I "- lining of the thyroid i " a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show Simple cuboidal epithelium found in the thyroid gland. These follicular cells have an absorptive and secretory functions as well.  - simple cuboidal epithelium Primary Ovarian Follicles Medulla cortex d outer part of the orary have follicle a which Fructures a b C Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b, C) show simple cuboidal epithelium in primary ovarian follicle -> simpl cuboidal epithelium ④ -> Exocrine d d gland * duch secretory Secretory system unit unit Simple Columnar Epithelium iiiMe eatally was absorption functions  simple columnar epithelium found in a used for absorption Gallbladder apical projections called brush border which are - Folded Mucusa Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) Apical surface show Simple columnar epithelium lining the wall of the gall bladder: Note the Cshape of the cells and the position of the nucleiS(the nuclei maybe a located toward the b base or central)  simple columnar in ↳ Small intestine the surface is full of mucous - which appears 3 ale under / the stain Photomicrographs I I I -> brush border fer absorption in low (a) and high I I - Jobht - --- - cell - I I magnification (b) which -... I -Secreles mucous... M show Simple columnar epithelium lining a the small intestine. b  columnar in Simple Colon Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) is show Simple -get columnar epithelium lining the colon a b  Oviduct ↳ oviduct of the fallopian tube Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show simple columnar epithelium found in cilia is a needed d the Soviduct lining.I for motion has cilia simple columnar Oviduct is lined with epithelium ciliated both Csecretory Iand t LciliatedC cells b  looks like multilayered but really is only one layer false o PseudostratifiedIColumnar Epithelium mainly used for protection nuclei are not & at the same livel -2 all cells reach the basement membrace  has cilia in order to more dust Upper respiratory tract Trachea - Bronchi out sick with ~ some cells reach and others ~ appears. ⑦ ⑯ ⑳ ⑮ ⑦ ⑰ #._ ⑤@⑦. don't reach the surface pale in stain bc of mucous secretion - oblet - & I ↑ cells I ↑ W d W - a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show Pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelium found in the respiratory mucosa. Note the presence of goblet cells represent unicellular glands with secretion (mucus), which stains poorly with H&E. I  Epididymis ↳ Pseudo. Epididymis /... - stevocilia a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification used s are for absorption (b) show Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with Stereocilia (modified microvilli) in epithelial lining of Epididymis ⑰ ↳ Stratified Squamous Epithelium merenge 13 L for protection - protect from friction I found in water -prevent wet places loss eg : oral cavity ↳ ray ine found in esophagus the skin ** ⑤ - ⑫j⑧I -  Esophagus ↳ wet area Flat cells nucleus + magnified squamous I ⑥ - connective tissue a layer - Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show b Stratified squamous,[non-keratinizedIepithelium in esophagus.  layer - von-Keratinized - - - Photomicrographs in low and high magnification show Stratified squamous,[non-keratinizedIepithelium in esophageal mucosal lining. Note the shape of the surface layer of the cells.  Skin -> kevatinized epithelium Revatin - a er lay - - epidemis water loss epidermis or - dermis - dermis - above the Photomicrograph shows Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (Epidermis of skin). kevalinized -> presented in skin+ sole of foot + palm of the hand  Skin of Keratin eosinophilic layer a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (Epidermis of skin) H&E. Note the thin eosinophilic layer of keratin on the surface. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium de main function is secretory  Endducts - Sweat glands w lived with stratified cuboidal epithelium a b more than 2 layer Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show Stratified cuboidal epithelium found in Lsweat glands.I  close found btw cells and connective tissue up larger ducts are V i - i E I - : stratified cuboidal epithelium  Transitional Epithelium and bladde - round in urinary tract stratified large rounded do me shaped cells  Urinary Bladder – Transitional Epithelium (Empty) changes according to the relaxation ⑮ · and contraction e W -related a  5 Urinary Bladder – Transitional Epithelium (Distended) -> swollen Transitional calended -o full and enlarged I B u projects the tissue from the toxins of urine  ~ facing the surface Apical Surface Specializations cilia microvili Stereocilia Apical ↓ G lateral basal surface surface  ① long hair-like structure Cilia - Upper respiratory tract mobile and moves in one direction cilia to propel dust out of the Photomicrographs respiratory tract in low (a) and high magnification (b) & (c) show Pseudo- stratified columnar b ciliated epithelium a found in the respiratory mucosa. c  ② Microvilli - Small Intestine ~brush Scytoplasmic projection - used in absorption areas like I need absorption = microvill border a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show the microvilli of the simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine.  ③ only in the epididymis Stereocilia - Epididymis ↳ modified microvilli de used for Epididymis absorption Testis a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with Stereocilia (modified microvilli) in epithelial lining of Epididymis Glandular epithelia has cells and glands secretory  Glands Endocrine Exocrine secreles through ducks directlywehad divided based secrates on the nature of secretion Mucous Serous Mixed bolth  Endocrine gland - Anterior Pituitary no duct endocrine glands secrele memo be - Blood in the blood to the target tissue - vessels I i I ↑ W -- b a Photomicrographs in low (a) and high (b) magnification of anterior pituitary gland (endocrine). Note the groups of cells (cords) surrounding blood vessels in the darkly stained part of the gland. There is no duct system.  Endocrine gland – Thyroid gland dosent have ducts directly secueles in the blood blood vessels a b Photomicrographs in low magnification (a) and high magnification (b) of the thyroid gland show the arrangement of its cells in follicles containing stored secretion.  @°@ ⑤. Exocrine glands Salivary glands - ⑪ The parenchyma of the exocrine glands consists of the secretory units and duct system. Salivary glands are compound alveolar or tubulo-alveolar (tubulo-acinar) glands with mucous, serous or mixed acini forming the secretory units. Note that - the duct system of these glands lined mainly with simple cuboidal epithelium. acini Recall that the stroma of the glands is made up of connective tissue. sevous acini- rounded · Parotid I secueles serous - Some are mixed E· ual- mixed but mainly mucous Subligudibular long like tube - tubular - mixed but mainly seris E - Mucous - Tuboule - - tall nuclei + are flat  Exocrine glands Serous Acini -> -> stains darkly secretes sevous lined with cuboidal simple ⑦@° Parotid gland Jo Secretary gland epithelium ducts - - - / I - & I ↑ wit I > I ↑ ~ ~ ~ - - secreles -> serous Photomicrographs show serous cells (exocrine) found in parotid gland.  Exocrine gland ~ mucous tubules L secretes mucous Mucous cells ↓ stains palemucous ba of Flat basally located nucleus - a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show mucous cells (exocrine) found in sublingual gland. D is duct  submandibulaaExocrine Glands Seromucous Glands unit secretory............ - duch serous X demilunes a b Photomicrographs in low (a) and high magnification (b) show mixed cells (exocrine) found in submandibular glands. Note the serous demilunes.  ،‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ ا(ٮ*ى اﺳ@ٮﻮدﻋﻚ ﻣﺎ @ڡرأت وﻣﺎ ﺣ(ڡ(ﻄﺖ وﻣﺎ ٮ@ﻌﻠﻤﺖ‬ * ‫(ڡﺮده ل‬ -‫ٮﻞ‬2‫ٮ(ٮﺎ ﷲ و(ٮﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﻛ‬1‫ وﺣﺴ‬،‫ﺮ‬2 ‫ٮﻪ إ(ٮﻚ ﻋﲆ كﻞ ﳾء @ڡﺪٮ‬2‫ﺣﱵ إﻟ‬1‫ى ﻋ(ٮﺪ ﺣﺎ‬ The lab is important for the OSPE exam, we will be given printed photos and asked to identify a specific structure. So be sure to know everything in the note and lab. Good luck