Respiratory System Lecture 4 PDF
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Al-Zahrawi University College
Dr. Farah Talib
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Summary
This document provides a lecture on the human respiratory system. It covers the functions of the respiratory system, its divisions, structures of the upper respiratory tract, and details various components like the pharynx, larynx, and lungs. The lecture also discusses gas exchange and the aging process's impact on the respiratory system.
Full Transcript
Lecture 4 Dr. Farah Talib Functions of the Respiratory System Major function 1. Air Distributor 2. Gas exchanger Other functions 1. Filters, warms, and humidifies air 2. Influences sound production 3. Allows for sense of smell 4. Regulation of pH in body Divisions of the Respiratory system ...
Lecture 4 Dr. Farah Talib Functions of the Respiratory System Major function 1. Air Distributor 2. Gas exchanger Other functions 1. Filters, warms, and humidifies air 2. Influences sound production 3. Allows for sense of smell 4. Regulation of pH in body Divisions of the Respiratory system Structures of the Upper respiratory system ❖Nose - warms and moistens air ❖Palantine bone separates nasal cavity from mouth. ❖Cleft palate – Palantine bone does not form correctly, difficulty in swallowing and speaking. ❖Septum - separates right and left nostrils rich blood supply. ❖Sinuses - 4 air containing spaces – open or drain into nose - (lowers weight of skull). ❖Pharynx - (throat) From the base of skull to esophagus 3 divisions Nasopharynx - behind nose to soft palate. Oropharynx - behind mouth, soft palate to hyoid bone. Contain tonsils Laryngopharynx - hyoid bone to esophagus. Pharynx Changes shape to allow for vowel sounds (phonation). ❖Larynx - voice box From root of tongue to upper end of trachea. Made of cartilage 2 pairs of folds Vestibular - false vocal cords True vocal cords ❖Thyroid cartilage - adam’s apple larger in males due to testosterone. ❖Epiglottis - flap of skin (hatch) on trachea, moves when swallowing and speaking. closes off trachea when swallowing food ❖Trachea (windpipe) From larynx to bronchi Consists of C shaped rings of cartilage. Tracheostomy – cutting of an opening in trachea to allow breathing. ❖Bronchi Tubes that branch off trachea and enter into lungs Ciliated Branches: 1. Primary bronchi 2. secondary bronchi 3. Tertiary Bronchi 4. Bronchioles Bronchioles branch into microscopic alveolar ducts. Terminate into alveolar sacs Gas exchange with blood occurs in sacs. ❖Lungs Extend from diaphragm to clavicles Divided into lobes by fissures. Covered by 2 layers pleura 1. Visceral pleura adheres to the lungs. 2. Parietal pleura adher to inner surface of ribs. Pleural fluid in between these 2 layers
