L3 Allergic Reaction Anaphylaxis v2 September 2020 PDF

Allergic Reaction / Anaphylaxis Component 5  Clinical Shock – Component 5 Objectives State the difference between Allergic reaction and anaphylaxis State the meaning of Anaphylaxis Explain the routes of exposure to the allergen List...

Allergic Reaction / Anaphylaxis Component 5  Clinical Shock – Component 5 Objectives State the difference between Allergic reaction and anaphylaxis State the meaning of Anaphylaxis Explain the routes of exposure to the allergen List examples of sources/triggers of allergens Identify the stages of Anaphylaxis Describe the signs and symptoms State the Drug Therapy used to treat anaphylaxis within their scope of practice Describe the management of anaphylaxis © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 2  Clinical Shock – Component 5 Allergic Reaction Incidence continues to rise Most common triggers: food, drugs and venom 30% of cases trigger is unknown Milder symptoms i.e. localised urticaria © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 3  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Anaphylaxis Defined as a severe, life threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Characterised by rapidly developing life-threatening airway and/or breathing and/or circulation problems, usually associated with skin & mucosal changes “JRCAC plus” © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 4  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Injection Ingestion Absorption (skin contact) Inhalation The time it takes for the symptoms of anaphylaxis to develop depends on how the trigger enters the body © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 5  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Pharmaceutical products Foods Antibiotics Vitamins Venoms Cosmetics And there’s more… © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 6  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Plants Dusts and moulds Animals Toxins Vaccines © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 7  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Respiratory System Cardiovascular System Gastrointestinal System Nervous System The Skin © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 8  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Early stages - allergy Developing into anaphylaxis Swiftly followed by anaphylactic shock © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 9  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Presentation Itchy rash Swelling around eyes Prickly lips Dry, non productive cough Restlessness © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 10  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Presentation Flushed skin Tachycardia Chest tightness Tongue and throat swelling Wheeze Hoarseness Dyspnoea © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 11 © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 12  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 plus Stridor Hypotension Bronchospasm Cyanosis Circulatory collapse Respiratory collapse © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 13  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 May also include:- Nausea / vomiting Abdominal cramps Profuse watery diarrhoea Abdominal distension Headache Dizziness Confusion Collapse © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 14  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Anaphylaxis Therapeutic Drugs Oxygen Other drugs such as Salbutamol and Adrenaline 1:1000 can be given by senior clinicians Need Paramedic Intervention? - Advanced airway - IV fluids - Drugs © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 15  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Anaphylaxis Oxygen Anaphylaxis is time critical illness. Administer the initial oxygen dose at 15 ltr per minute using non-rebreathe mask. Continue until vital signs are normal - then reduce oxygen dose - aim for target saturation within range of 94 -98%. © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 16  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Need A Paramedic ? Why ? - Advanced airway - IV fluids - Drugs But always ask yourself… Is there time to wait? © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 17  Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Anaphylaxis Management Pre-alert call PD09 (CASMEET) Rapid transportation to hospital Continually monitor: Pulse Respirations, Blood Pressure, Peak Flow Oxygen Saturation & Capnography ECG Reassurance ++ © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 18 Anaphylaxis – Component 5 Any Questions??? © Department of Clinical Education & Standards 19