L22 Quiz BMS204 PDF

L22 QUIZ || BMS204 1. What is the most common cause of ischemic heart disease? A) Coronary artery atherosclerosis B) Vasospasm C) Vasculitis D) Thrombosis 2. Which type of angina is characterized by coronary artery spasm? A) Stable angina B) Unstable angina C) Prinzmetal's angina D) Exerti...

L22 QUIZ || BMS204 1. What is the most common cause of ischemic heart disease? A) Coronary artery atherosclerosis B) Vasospasm C) Vasculitis D) Thrombosis 2. Which type of angina is characterized by coronary artery spasm? A) Stable angina B) Unstable angina C) Prinzmetal's angina D) Exertional angina 3. What is the most common site of myocardial infarction? A) Right ventricle B) Left ventricle C) Interventricular septum D) Apex of the heart 4. Which microscopic feature is characteristic of early myocardial infarction (4-24 hours)? A) Coagulation necrosis with loss of nuclei B) Pyknosis of nuclei and hypereosinophilic cytoplasm C) Infiltration of neutrophils D) Replacement of neutrophils by macrophages 5. Which complication of myocardial infarction is the most common cause of death in the first few hours? A) Arrhythmia B) Myocardial rupture C) Myocardial aneurysm D) Chronic heart failure 6. A patient presents with chest pain that is relieved by rest and nitroglycerin. Which type of angina is MOST likely? A) Stable angina B) Unstable angina C) Prinzmetal's angina D) Exertional angina 7. A patient with diabetes mellitus presents with a myocardial infarction but denies any chest pain. Why might this patient not experience typical chest pain? A) Due to peripheral neuropathy B) Due to hyperlipidemia C) Due to hypertension D) Due to coronary artery atherosclerosis 8. A patient presents with unstable angina. What is the MOST likely underlying cause? A) Coronary artery spasm B) 90% vessel block or acute plaque change C) Atherosclerotic plaque D) Vasculitis 9. A histological examination of a myocardial infarction reveals coagulation necrosis, loss of nuclei, and brisk interstitial infiltrate of neutrophils. Based on these findings, how old is the infarct MOST likely? A) 4-24 hours B) 1-3 days C) 3-7 days D) 7-10 days 10. A patient experiences a myocardial infarction due to occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Which area of the heart is MOST likely affected? A) Anterior wall of the left ventricle, apex, and anterior part of the interventricular septum B) Lateral wall of the left ventricle C) Posterior wall of the left ventricle D) Right ventricle 11. Which type of myocardial infarction involves the full thickness of the ventricular wall? A) Transmural infarction B) Subendocardial infarction C) Anterior infarction D) Lateral infarction 12. Which risk factor for ischemic heart disease is considered modifiable? A) Age B) Sex C) Familial predisposition D) Hyperlipidemia 13. Which lipoprotein has a protective effect against atherosclerosis? A) LDL B) HDL C) VLDL D) Chylomicrons 14. Which type of angina is considered a pre-infarction angina? A) Stable angina B) Unstable angina C) Prinzmetal's angina D) Exertional angina 15. Which microscopic feature is characteristic of a myocardial infarction at 3-7 days old? A) Coagulation necrosis with loss of nuclei B) Pyknosis of nuclei and hypereosinophilic cytoplasm C) Infiltration of neutrophils D) Replacement of neutrophils by macrophages 16. Which complication of myocardial infarction can occur within 4-7 days after the event? A) Arrhythmia B) Myocardial rupture C) Myocardial aneurysm D) Chronic heart failure 17. Which statement BEST describes the difference between ischemia and infarction? A) Ischemia is tissue death, while infarction is decreased oxygen to a certain tissue. B) Ischemia is decreased oxygen to a certain tissue, while infarction is tissue death. C) Ischemia and infarction are synonymous terms. D) Ischemia always leads to infarction. 18. Which factor is NOT a risk factor for ischemic heart disease? A) Cigarette smoking B) Stress C) Exercise D) High intake of fruits and vegetables 19. Which statement BEST describes the pathophysiology of stable angina? A) Transient myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery spasm. B) Prolonged myocardial ischemia due to 90% vessel block or acute plaque change. C) Transient myocardial ischemia due to atherosclerosis, aggravated by exertion and relieved by rest. D) Prolonged myocardial ischemia due to vasculitis. 20. Which statement regarding myocardial infarction is INCORRECT? A) It is defined as an area of coagulative necrosis of the myocardium. B) It is always caused by thrombosis on top of a preexisting atherosclerotic plaque. C) It can be transmural or subendocardial. D) It can lead to complications such as arrhythmia and myocardial rupture. Answer Guide 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B