Plate Tectonics Theory PDF

PLATE TECTONICS Earth Science LEARNING COMPETENCIES In this lesson, you will learn about the Plate Tectonic Concepts and Theory. Specifically, you will: Identify the tectonic plates of the world Identify the key persons and events that led to the development of plate tectonics. De...

PLATE TECTONICS Earth Science LEARNING COMPETENCIES In this lesson, you will learn about the Plate Tectonic Concepts and Theory. Specifically, you will: Identify the tectonic plates of the world Identify the key persons and events that led to the development of plate tectonics. Describe how these tectonic plates behave Differentiate the types of Plate boundaries TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 Continental 02 Seafloor Drift Theory Spreading 03 Plate Tectonics Theory  INTRODUCTION Have you ever wondered how the land masses, the islands and continents, were formed? Did they just exist the way they are now or the results of a long process and sequential events? 01 CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY INTRODUCTION Alfred Wegener (1880- 1930) German meteorologist Theory: Continental Drift Theory Book: The Origin of the Continents and Oceans. CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY Pangaea - supercontinent Splits into sub-continents: Laurasia and Gondwanaland Laurasia – Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Africa Gondwanaland – Australia and Antarctica CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY Pangaea Greek word ✓ “pan” means “all” ✓ “gaea” means “Earth”  EVIDENCES EVIDENCE 1 EVIDENCE 2 EVIDENCE 3 EVIDENCE 4 The Fossil Rock and Paleoclimate Apparent Fit Correlation Mountain data of the Correlation continents EVIDENCE 1 The Apparent Fit of the continents (Jig-Saw-Fit) The coastlines of the continents appear to fit together like the pieces of a puzzle. EVIDENCE 2 Fossil Correlation Identical fossils have been found in the rocks on either side of the ocean EVIDENCE 3 Rock and Mountain Correlation Identical rocks and mountain structures have been found on either side of the ocean EVIDENCE 4 Paleoclimate Data Similar striations on rocks were found in southern parts of South America and Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia. Wegener (left) and Villumsen (right) in Greenland; 1 Death of Wegener November 1930.  ACTIVITY 1 Wegener’s Puzzling Continents  02 Seafloor Spreading  what’s going on under the sea that creates all these different geological features? And how is it different from the processes that shape the land?  02 Seafloor Spreading SONAR - Sound Navigation and Ranging It is a tool for a wide range of underwater operations and research activities (1930s) Harry Hammond Hess American geologist Conducted echo-sounding surveys on the ocean floor Article: History of Ocean Basins the seafloor is continuously spreading, and the extra crust gets recycled into the mantle The age of the seafloor rock increases as you get further away from the mid- ocean ridge. The thickness of the layer of the sediments deposited on the ocean floor increases as you get further away from the mid-ocean ridge. Patterns of seafloor magnetism on either side of mid-ocean ridges match up with one another. As magma rises at the mid-ocean ridge and solidifies to form new oceanic crust, iron-rich minerals within the rock align with the Earth's magnetic field at that time Normal polarity are minerals that point to Magnetic North Reverse polarity are minerals point opposite to Magnetic North Harry Hess states that the seafloors or ocean floors move and carry the continents along IT IS NOT THE CONTINENTS THAT ARE MOVING, BUT THE SEAFLOOR/ OCEAN FLOOR 03 PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW PLATE TECTONICS THEORY Continental + seafloor spreading = Plate Tectonics Theory are large, rigid pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle covering the surface of the Earth These plates float on the asthenosphere beneath Convection currents in the asthenosphere drive plate motion Two types of plates: 1. Continental Crust 2. Oceanic Crust As the plates interact with one another, where these plates meet is called _______? TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARY  What happens when plates collide? A. Continental-Continental = folded mountains (Himalayas) B. Continental-Oceanic = Volcanoes (Cascades in Oregon and Washington) C. Oceanic-Oceanic = Volcanic arc of island (Aleutian islands in Alaska) What happens when plates collide? The deeper the surface that the plate goes, the more pressure it creates.  What happens when plates slides past to each other? A. Ridge-ridge transforms connect two segments of a divergent boundary B. Ridge-trench transforms connect a ridge and a trench C. Trench-trench transforms couple trenches at two different convergent plate boundaries. What happens when plates move apart? Continental rift zones Mid-ocean ridges  TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARY Types of Convergent Types of Divergent Types of Transform Boundaries Boundaries Boundaries Continental- Ridge-ridge Ridge-Ridge Boundaries Continental boundaries Trench-Trench Continental-Oceanic Mid-ocean ridges Boundaries Oceanic-Oceanic Ridge-Trench Boundaries What is the importance in knowing about the plate movements before constructing a house? Minimum of 5 reason with explanations