Fundational Chemistry Lecture Notes PDF

Official Business Fundational Chemistry Official Business recall Chemistry is the branch of science that studies the composition and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes Official Business PROPERTIE...

Official Business Fundational Chemistry Official Business recall Chemistry is the branch of science that studies the composition and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes Official Business PROPERTIES OF MATTER Official Business How would you describe yourself so that someone else could identify you? Official Business Physical Properties A property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter. Physical properties identify matter. Examples include but are not limited to: Density Malleability Ductility Solubility State Thermal Conductivity Official Business Physical Properties Density Amount of mass in a given volume A substance is always the same at a given pressure and temperature regardless of the size of the sample of the substance. The density of one substance is usually different from that of another substance. Density equals mass divided by volume. D=m/v Official Business Physical Property Malleability The ability to be pounded into thin sheets. Example: Aluminum can be rolled or pounded into sheets to make foil. Ductility The ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire Example Copper in wiring – soldering wires or joints Official Business Physical Property Solubility The ability to dissolve in another substance. Example: Sugar or salt dissolve in water Three ways to increase solubility Heat or make warmer Grind or smash Stir or mix Official Business Physical Property State of Matter The physical form in which a substance exists at room temperature, such as: Solid Liquid Gas Official Business Phases / Sates of Matter Matter is classified with the following phases or states Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Official Business Solid Solids have definite: Mass Volume Shape Official Business Liquid Liquids have definite Mass Volume No definite shape. Official Business Gas Gases have NO definite Mass Volume Shape Official Business Physical Property Thermal Conductivity The ability to transfer thermal energy from one area to another. Examples: Plastic foam is a poor conductor, so a hot drink won’t burn your hand. The inside of the toaster (hot coils) Official Business Chemical Property A property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties. Combustibility Flammability Reactivity Acids reacting with bases Oxidation / reduction Official Business Chemical Properties q Can be observed with your senses. q Are Not as easy to observe as physical properties qExample: q Flammability – Only when wood burns q Combustibility – Only when fireworks explode q Reactivity – Only when iron Oxidizes (rust) Official Business QUESTIONS? Official Business