L2 - DS Models PDF

DS1010 WEEK 2 THE MODELS OF DISABILITY STUDIES AGENDA Thinking labels and language Next week… Disability: Historic perspectives DS Models workshop – Historic disability – Virtual class. Don’t be late! – Modern disability Readings Sept....

DS1010 WEEK 2 THE MODELS OF DISABILITY STUDIES AGENDA Thinking labels and language Next week… Disability: Historic perspectives DS Models workshop – Historic disability – Virtual class. Don’t be late! – Modern disability Readings Sept. 24th – Disability Studies – DS Scenarios document Four models of Disability Studies – Person-fixing Perspective – Society-fixing Perspective  Loading… HELLO, MY NAME IS LABELS, LANGUAGE AND DISABILITY  WHAT CONSTITUTES A ‘DISABILITY’? With your seat neighbour(s), answer the following questions: 1) In a sentence or two, what does the word ‘disability’ mean to you? How similar/dissimilar are your definitions? 2) Off the top of your head, what words do you associate with disability? 3) How many of those words do you consider “appropriate” or neutral? How many were “inappropriate” or rude/mean?  HOW DOES UWO DEFINE ‘DISABILITY’? (a) any degree of physical disability, infirmity, malformation or disfigurement that is caused by bodily injury, birth defect or illness and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, a brain injury, any degree of paralysis, Loading… amputation, lack of physical co-ordination, blindness or visual impediment, deafness or hearing impediment, muteness or speech impediment, or physical reliance on a guide dog or other animal or on a wheelchair or other remedial appliance or device, (b) a condition of mental impairment or a developmental disability, (c) a learning disability, or a dysfunction in one or more of the processes involved in understanding or using symbols or spoken language, (d) a mental disorder, or (e) an injury or disability for which benefits were claimed or received under the insurance plan established under the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997.  FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGES THE WAY DISABLITY IS THOUGHT OF World Health WHO AND DISABILITY MORE THAN ONE THING Organization Shifts though away from diagnosis and towards Originally there were two pieces of peoples way of function Physical barriers international legislation Socio economic differences First time mental illness is brought into – International Classification of Impairments, discussion of disability Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) Hearing loss, limb loss People can sign onto Impairment – loss or abnormality of physical bodily & them but countries structure or function must not follow them Disability – limitation or function loss deriving from Criticism Places doctor at center impairment that prevents performance of diagnosis No legislative power Handicap – the disadvantage condition deriving from ' impairment or disability Reinforces medical – International Classification of Diseases (ICD) authority A nine year process, involving hundreds of A linguistic shift (impairment to 6  function), not a DISABILITY AS MASTER STATUS Disability, mental health or chronic illness typically assume a master status in how others view you For those with disability usually their disability becomes the master skills Ex: I am a student – And sometimes self-consideration as well… Only thing they are seen and remembered as Only one part of the identity Reality: it’s just one part of a person, just like ‘student’ is only one of your traits Lived this way for so long – Congenital – a lifetime of adapting, was always “normal” – Acquired – disruption cedes to everyday life, becomes the “new normal” Leads to adaptations  FOR DS1010 (AND DS MORE BROADLY) Impairment. Loss or abnormality of physical bodily structure or function Medical aspect Not all impairments are disabilities Impairment Disability Disability: Disadvantage, limitation or function loss caused by internal or external factors Not all disability is an impairment A QUESTION OF LANGUAGE DISABLED PEOPLE PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES Deeply ingrained in the social Born out of the “politically model correct” movement in North A political choice, sometimes America connected to disability pride Sometimes called “People first” – Loud and proud, etc. language – we are people who Society disables us, therefore we have disabilities are disabled people – Also shortens to “PWDs” Disabled by society Person first Honnours the person first to see the person first then the disability Away from master status 9  people that embrass autism as who they are would rather not hide having autism AN EXAMPLE OF ID FIRST LANGUAGE Jim Sinclair & problem of “with autism” (2006) – Suggests a separation between Where does the person and diagnosis person end and – Minimizes the importance label begin – Suggests it is something bad & inconsistent with personhood Steve Silberman’s Neurotribes Diversity of neuro function (2016) All different software packages that still run Seen as less of Just like different neurotypes human experience but more of a Nick Walker’s Neuroqueer problem people live Heresies (2021) Cognitive function being with tied to the body  WORDS THAT HURT? Is changing language enough Does changing language enough to change stigma Language matter but it does change Rather we should think Loading… a bout what the words mean and what sits under them (Roeher 24) DISABILIT Y A BRIEF HISTORICAL ADVENTURE  S Waves of disability studies Y M B I O T I C R E L A T I O Now N  Finance support for those that cannot work Harsh penalties for those caught begging DISABILITY IN HISTORY Three categories Those who can’t work no fault of their own - helped Those that can work but can’t get work, supported as long as showed trying to work Idole poor able to work but refused to, fell into criminal system no state help 0050’s – Judeo-Christian tradition Ontario welfare similar Old Testament Seen as a bad thing or punishment – Impurity & Sin 1600s – Elizabethan Poor Laws New Testament Deserving & undeserving poor – Jesus and cure Legal definition of “charitable” purpose Embrasses disability - test of faith Gate way to heaven by caring for disabled 1800’s – Subjecting difference New housing for disabled “The clinic” & institutionalization Centred power to doctors Disability seen as problem of human body diagnosed by doctors – Normal/Abnormal & medical authority (medical gaze) Change in understanding health, medicine, doctors Understanding germs and bacteria’s Amaputations started Rise of the Freak Show “Freaks” not part of human world from a whole different world Freaks on stage are different maybe even whole different species – Darwin & The Origin of Species (1859) Mutations around family tree – Staring and being stared at How deaf people should learn to understand Sign language Poster child: Oralism vs Manualism debate Reading lips Disabled people used to get money  MODERN DISABILITY INTERVENTIONS What genes should and shouldn’t be passed down Abortion 1940s – Eugenics & Nazi Germany Sterilization Nazism, Natural Selection & the Holocaust Disabeled people where first to go during holocaust Disabled tested on Abandoned in fields 1960s – Stigmatized Bodies Prenatal screening & legalization of abortion Place blame on difference using it as a crutch Eliminate children when screening for genetic disordered come back true “Why should disabled people get the pass” Creation of the Canadian “Welfare State” Disabled equipment Visual demonstration of disability to raise money “Telethon”s to raise money for the disabled Opportunity for disabled people from paralympics First international Paralympic Games 1980s – A Radical Turn Independent Living Movement (US) and the Union Language on how to talk of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation about disability (UK) Duties to accomidate for disabilities Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, IDEA and the  ADA (US) More opportunities for improvement INDEPENDENT LIVING MOVEMENT Assistive tech Income Largely credited with beginning in Trying to make the world accessible supplements Berkeley, California in the 60s Personal assistance Focused on: – Self Determination – Self Respect Be proud of disabilities Redesigning to make more – Equal opportunity functional for their needs Shift from rehabilitation model to one Ed driven by PWDs Roberts – Integration, normalization and rehabilitation Made curb cuts for Wanted to go to University wheelchairs Special education UNION OF THE PHYSICALLY IMPAIRED AGAINST SEGREGATION (UPIAS) Founded in 1972 by Paul Hunt, Vic Finkelstein and Ken & Maggie Davis Defining Impairment – “lacking part of or all of a limb, or having a defective limb, organism or mechanism of the body” Defining disability Account of people who have The individual is not physical impairments and thus included in this – “the disadvantage or restriction of excludes them from the definition placing the problem on society not mainstream of social activities” activity caused by contemporary the individual A RADICAL (AMERICAN) TURN Content warning: swear words & alcohol  consumption A RADICAL (AMERICAN) TURN HEW Sit-ins & Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973) – Occupied US Department of Health, Education and Welfare offices Overall – Extended civil rights to DPs & “reasonable fighting for accommodation” requirements rights and accessibility Individuals with Disabilities Education of disabled people Act, aka IDEA (1975) – Right to education extended to DPs Transit Sit-ins (late 70s & early 80s) Deaf president now Birth of the American with Disabilities Act (1990) – Denver, Colorado, sit-ins and blockades of A MATTER OF PERSPECTIVE FOUR COMMON MODELS OF DISABILITY STUDIES  WHAT ‘CAUSES’ DISABILITY? What we do about the problem Impairment Inaccessibility Illness/Sicknes Discrimination s Within the individual Therefore they have to change Functional approach We cannot fix the body but how can we reach a normal status From happening And when it does.. See them as those who cannot  If person if the problem WHAT PFP SAYS WE SHOULD ‘DO’ Helpers to resolve the issue BUT WAIT A MINUTE… Watch Video Burden of change should be on Looks at factors preventing people from participating society not the Improve general quality of individual life Eliminate barriers to get access for individuals 2 WAYS OF ‘SEEING’ BUT 1 IS VERY UNFAMILIAR TO US Both Models : – Contribute to understanding disability – Have pros / cons – Are Interwoven & Overlapping in practice – Are in play (constant competition over power to define) But historically, one approach has dominated & it is this imbalance that DS seeks to recalibrate A PRACTICE EXAMPLE Problem? Belief? Focus? Burden of change? Voice/control?  Ideas taken for advantage If we see it we believe it to be true No one wants or choses to be disabled Things that are naturally assumed  Hard to make big changes for small groups of people with disabilities Changes for disabilities is more expensive Sometimes for the government Sometime for the individual But overtime it evens out Both need to be used together to resolve disability - Why would we need to fix the world if we fix the disability  Our world can never be fully accessible Mountains Dessert Heritage buildings Does not account for physical pains of disability  15) It doesn’t address all impairment categories equally DS WORKSHOP NEXT WEEK IN-CLASS  NEXT WEEK’S GAME PLAN 6 mini cases - problem + resolution Personal vs society fixing problems Half the class will join zoom from 2:30 – 5:30pm – IMPORTANT: be on time with cam/microphone working as we will be starting almost immediately During this class we will: 1. Break into small groups (approx. 10 ppl) 2. Explore the DS Scenarios with TA/profs – Don’t participate in discuss? Lose marks on the coming assignment