Visual Memory & Attention - Lecture 1 PDF
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Summary
This document is a lecture on visual memory and attention. It presents a table summarizing various methods, findings, interpretations, and limitations of the research in this field. It touches on topics like habituation, paired comparisons, infant control procedures, and the short vs long lookers paradigm.
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**[Visual Memory & Attention -- Lecture 1]** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Objecti | **Author* | **Method* | **Finding | **Interpr | **Limitat | | ve** | * | * | s** | etation** | ion** | +===========+===========+=======...
**[Visual Memory & Attention -- Lecture 1]** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Objecti | **Author* | **Method* | **Finding | **Interpr | **Limitat | | ve** | * | * | s** | etation** | ion** | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | "Habituat | Ruff + | Coined | Decrease | Learning | May be | | ion" | Rothbart, | the term; | = | + memory | sleepy; | | | 1996 | decrease | stimulus | involved; | lack of | | | | of | stored in | inhibitor | infants | | | | responsiv | memory, | y | | | | | eness | recogniti | process | | | | | to | on | | | | | | continued | of | | | | | | exposure | stimulus | | | | | | of an | | | | | | | event | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | "Visual | Richmond, | One | Significa | VPC = | As above | | Paired-Co | 2007 | familiar | ntly | dynamic | + Fatigue | | mparison/ | | and the | longer | nature of | | | Novelty | | other | looking | memory | | | preferenc | | novel. | at novel | retrieval | | | e | | The test | (\>55%) = | | | | test" | | has a | recogniti | | | | | | fixed | on | | | | | | time | | | | | | | limit | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | "Infant | Horovitz | Trial | Habituati | Accounts | No | | Control | et al., | starts\>e | on | individua | standardi | | Procedure | 1972 | nds | reached | l | sed | | " | | when look | when | differenc | procedure | | | | away | average | es | exists; | | | | | drops | in rates, | varies | | | | Baseline | below 50% | adaptable | across | | | | set from | of | + | studies | | | | first few | baseline | effective | | | | | trials | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | "Sokolov' | Sokolov, | Repetitio | Prefer | Attention | Observabl | | s | 1963; | n | novel; | /percepti | e | | Comparato | | of | increased | on | behaviour | | r | Colombo, | stimuli\> | attention | driven by | s | | Model" | 1993 | form | when | comparing | emphasis, | | | | template\ | mismatch | sensory | may not | | | | >brain | between | input to | fully | | | | compares | expected/ | internal | capture | | | | incoming | actual | templates | neural | | | | stimuli | input | | mechanism | | | | to this | | Helps | s | | | | template | | detect | | | | | | | novelty+ | | | | | Heart | | adapt to | | | | | rate/atte | | environme | | | | | ntion | | nt | | | | | measured | | | | | | | when | | | | | | | novel/une | | | | | | | xpected | | | | | | | stimulus | | | | | | | is | | | | | | | introduce | | | | | | | d. | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | "Short vs | Freeseman | familiari | Short | Span | Looking | | Long | et al., | sed | showed | influence | time | | Lookers" | 1993 | with a | novelty | s | doesn't | | | | stimulus | preferenc | amount of | tell | | | | for | e | exposure | apart | | | | varying | after | needed to | processin | | | | lengths | **10** | develop | g | | | | of time | secs of | novelty | + | | | | (10 | familiari | preferenc | disengage | | | | seconds | sation | e | ment | | | | vs. 40 | | | time | | | | seconds). | Long | | | | | | | required | | | | | | | **40** | | | | | | | secs to | | | | | | | show | | | | | | | novelty | | | | | | | preferenc | | | | | | | e. | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | "Short | Cuevas & | Looking | Faster | Reflect | More | | lookers = | Bell, | times + | disengage | foundatio | studies | | Better | 2014 | ability | = higher | nal | are | | EF" | | to | EF scores | skills | needed to | | | | disengage | | for | establish | | | | attention | 1^st^ to | inhibitor | the | | | | | show this | y | causal | | | | Follow up | | control | link | | | | EF | | | between | | | | assessmen | | | infant | | | | ts | | | attention | | | | in later | | | and EF. | | | | childhood | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | "Goldiloc | Kidd et | Shown | Longest | Effect | Naturalis | | ks | al., | attractiv | attention | suggests | tic | | effect" | 2012; | e | to | infants | environme | | | Cubit et | displays, | stimuli | seek | nts | | | al., 2021 | diff. | moderatel | balance | were not | | | (older | levels of | y | in | assessed | | | children) | predictab | predictab | complexit | | | | | ility, | le | y; | | | | | measured | | optimally | | | | | on | | challengi | | | | | looking | | ng | | | | | duration | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+