L1 P2 QS BANK, BMS201 PDF

Part One: Simple MCQs 1. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell (RBC)? a) 60 days b) 90 days c) 120 days d) 150 days 2. Where does erythropoiesis primarily occur in adults? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Red bone marrow d) Yellow bone marrow 3. Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating red...

Part One: Simple MCQs 1. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell (RBC)? a) 60 days b) 90 days c) 120 days d) 150 days 2. Where does erythropoiesis primarily occur in adults? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Red bone marrow d) Yellow bone marrow 3. Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating red blood cell production? a) Insulin b) Thyroxine c) Erythropoietin d) Growth hormone 4. What is the primary stimulus for erythropoietin secretion? a) High blood pressure b) Low blood glucose c) Hypoxia (low tissue oxygen) d) Hypercapnia (high blood carbon dioxide) 5. Which vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell maturation? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin B12 6. Which mineral is crucial for the formation of hemoglobin? a) Calcium b) Iron c) Magnesium d) Potassium 7. What is the function of carbonic anhydrase enzyme in red blood cells? a) Oxygen transport b) Carbon dioxide transport c) Iron absorption d) Blood clotting 8. What is the main source of energy for red blood cells? a) Oxidative phosphorylation b) Anaerobic glycolysis c) Beta-oxidation of fatty acids d) Krebs cycle 9. In which organ are old and damaged red blood cells primarily destroyed? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Kidneys d) Bone marrow 10. What is the term for the process of red blood cell formation? a) Hemolysis b) Erythropoiesis c) Hematopoiesis d) Phagocytosis Part Two: Complex MCQs 1. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. What is the most likely underlying cause? a) Decreased iron absorption b) Impaired erythropoietin production c) Vitamin B12 deficiency d) Bone marrow suppression 2. How does hypoxia stimulate erythropoiesis? a) By directly increasing red blood cell production in the bone marrow b) By stimulating the release of erythropoietin from the kidneys c) By increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of existing red blood cells d) By promoting the breakdown of old red blood cells 3. Why do individuals living at high altitudes often have higher red blood cell counts? a) Increased atmospheric pressure stimulates erythropoiesis b) Lower oxygen levels at high altitudes trigger increased red blood cell production c) High altitude living enhances iron absorption d) Genetic adaptations in high-altitude populations favor increased red blood cell counts 4. A patient with iron deficiency anemia is prescribed iron supplements. How does iron contribute to red blood cell production? a) It is a key component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells b) It stimulates the release of erythropoietin c) It is necessary for DNA synthesis in red blood cell precursors d) It enhances the absorption of vitamin B12 5. Explain the role of vitamin B12 and folic acid in red blood cell maturation. a) They are essential for hemoglobin synthesis b) They are required for the production of red blood cell membrane proteins c) They are necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division in red blood cell precursors d) They act as antioxidants, protecting red blood cells from damage 6. A patient with megaloblastic anemia has abnormally large red blood cells. What is the most likely cause of this condition? a) Iron deficiency b) Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency c) Excessive erythropoietin production d) Bone marrow failure 7. How does the biconcave shape of red blood cells contribute to their function? a) It increases their surface area for gas exchange b) It allows them to easily pass through narrow capillaries c) It enhances their flexibility d) All of the above 8. What is the significance of the absence of mitochondria in red blood cells? a) It allows them to carry more oxygen b) It prevents them from consuming the oxygen they transport c) It makes them more resistant to oxidative stress d) It enables them to generate energy more efficiently 9. Explain the process of iron absorption in the small intestine. a) Iron is absorbed directly into the bloodstream in its ferric (Fe3+) form b) Iron is reduced to its ferrous (Fe2+) form and binds to transferrin for absorption c) Iron is absorbed primarily in the large intestine d) Iron absorption is not regulated by the body's iron stores 10. What is the role of ferritin in iron metabolism? a) It transports iron in the blood b) It is the primary form of iron stored in the body c) It is a component of hemoglobin d) It facilitates iron excretion 11. How does the body regulate iron absorption to prevent iron overload? a) By increasing iron excretion in the urine b) By decreasing the production of transferrin when iron stores are high c) By inhibiting the conversion of ferric iron to ferrous iron d) By promoting the uptake of iron by all body cells 12. A patient with liver disease has impaired production of transferrin. How would this affect iron metabolism? a) It would lead to increased iron absorption b) It would result in decreased iron transport in the blood c) It would cause iron to be stored primarily in the spleen d) It would have no effect on iron metabolism 13. What is the function of copper in erythropoiesis? a) It is a component of hemoglobin b) It acts as a cofactor in hemoglobin synthesis c) It stimulates erythropoietin production d) It is necessary for iron absorption 14. Why is it important for red blood cells to be flexible? a) To allow them to change shape as they pass through narrow capillaries b) To increase their surface area for gas exchange c) To prevent them from rupturing easily d) All of the above 15. What happens to the components of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed? a) They are excreted unchanged in the urine b) Globin is broken down into amino acids, and heme is converted to bilirubin c) Heme is recycled to form new hemoglobin, and globin is excreted d) Both globin and heme are completely broken down and eliminated from the body Answer Guide Part One 1. c 2. c 3. c 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. b 8. b  9. b 10. b Part Two 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. b 10. b 11. b 12. b 13. b 14. d 15. b Done Certainly, here are 10 MCQs based on the next lecture (Lec 4), focusing on blood cells and erythropoiesis: 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mature red blood cells (RBCs)? a) Biconcave shape b) Presence of a nucleus c) Flexibility d) Contain hemoglobin e) Transport oxygen Answer: b) Presence of a nucleus Explanation: Mature RBCs lose their nucleus during development to maximize space for hemoglobin and oxygen transport. 2. The primary function of carbonic anhydrase in RBCs is to: a) Facilitate oxygen binding to hemoglobin b) Catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate c) Maintain the biconcave shape of RBCs d) Regulate intracellular pH e) Transport iron Answer: b) Catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate Explanation: Carbonic anhydrase speeds up the reaction between carbon dioxide and water, forming bicarbonate, which is a major way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. 3. In adults, the primary site of erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) is the: a) Liver b) Spleen c) Red bone marrow d) Yellow bone marrow e) Lymph nodes Answer: c) Red bone marrow Explanation: In adults, red bone marrow, found in flat bones like the sternum and pelvis, is the main site of RBC production. 4. Which of the following conditions would most likely stimulate erythropoietin production? a) High blood oxygen levels b) Low blood oxygen levels c) High blood iron levels d) Low blood iron levels e) High blood glucose levels Answer: b) Low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia) Explanation: Hypoxia triggers the kidneys to release erythropoietin, which stimulates RBC production to increase oxygen-carrying capacity. 5. A deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid would most likely result in which type of anemia? a) Iron-deficiency anemia b) Aplastic anemia c) Megaloblastic anemia d) Hemolytic anemia e) Sickle cell anemia Answer: c) Megaloblastic anemia Explanation: Vitamin B12 and folic acid are essential for DNA synthesis. Their deficiency impairs RBC maturation, leading to larger than normal RBCs (macrocytes) characteristic of megaloblastic anemia. 6. Which of the following is the primary storage form of iron in the body? a) Transferrin b) Ferritin c) Hemosiderin d) Hemoglobin e) Myoglobin Answer: b) Ferritin Explanation: Ferritin is a protein-iron complex that stores iron in a safe, non-toxic form, primarily in the liver and reticuloendothelial system. 7. Iron is primarily absorbed in the: a) Stomach b) Duodenum (upper part of the small intestine) c) Jejunum (middle part of the small intestine) d) Ileum (lower part of the small intestine) e) Colon Answer: b) Duodenum (upper part of the small intestine) Explanation: The duodenum is the primary site of iron absorption, where it is taken up by intestinal cells and transported into the bloodstream. 8. Which of the following hormones directly stimulates erythropoiesis? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Thyroid hormone d) Erythropoietin e) Cortisol Answer: d) Erythropoietin Explanation: Erythropoietin is the key hormone that stimulates the production and maturation 10. Which of the following is NOT a function of red blood cells? a) Transport oxygen b) Transport carbon dioxide c) Act as an acid-base buffer d) Contribute to blood viscosity e) Initiate blood clotting Answer: e) Initiate blood clotting Explanation: Platelets, not RBCs, are responsible for initiating blood clotting. RBCs primarily function in gas transport and maintaining blood pH and viscosity. Feel free to request more questions or clarifications on any of these topics!