Oral Cavity, Palate & Tongue Anatomy PDF

to Ana 4my 43 Oral Cavity, Palate & Tongue G N T Block Color Index Main Text Female Slides Male Slides Drs' Notes Important Extra info The Editing File Objectives Describe the anatomy of the oral cavity, (boundaries, parts, nerve supply). Describe the anatomy of the palate, (parts, muscles, ne...

to Ana 4my 43 Oral Cavity, Palate & Tongue G N T Block Color Index Main Text Female Slides Male Slides Drs' Notes Important Extra info The Editing File Objectives Describe the anatomy of the oral cavity, (boundaries, parts, nerve supply). Describe the anatomy of the palate, (parts, muscles, nerve & blood supply). Describe the anatomy of the tongue, (structure, muscles, motor and sensory nerve supply, blood supply and lymphatic drainage). This lecture was presented by : Prof. Musaad Alfayez Dr. Sameerah Shaheen You can find more quizzes by Clicking HERE! Special Thanks to Saleh Aljanah and Abdulaziz Alqarni! You can find Atlas by Clicking HERE! Alimentary Canal (GIT) 1 Definition 1 ❖ ❖ ❖ 1. Mouth 3 It’s a continuous, coiled & hollow muscular tube. It winds around the ventral body cavity. It opens at both ends. 2. Pharynx 3. esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine 6. Large intestine Slides Length ❖ ❖ In cadaver: 9m In the living person: shorter because of the muscle tone. 2 1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Absorption Parts Female 4. Defecation Components: 1 Alimentary (Gastrointestinal) Tract: performs the whole digestive functions 2 Accessory Organs: assist the process of digestive break down 4 Function Oral cavity The mouth extends from lips to oropharyngeal isthmus, which is the junction of the mouth to the pharynx, is bounded: above by soft palate and the palatoglossal fold. Below by the dorsum of the tongue. and it’s divided into : 1- Vestibule which lies between gums & teeth internally and lip & cheeks externally. 2- Mouth proper which lies within the alveolar arches, gums, and teeth. Vestibule ‣ Is a slit-like space that communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure. ‣ When the jaws are closed, it communicates with the mouth proper behind the 3rd/last molar tooth. oral fissure ‣ The cheek forms the lateral wall of the vestibule and is made up of the buccinator muscle, which is covered by skin and is lined by mucous parotid papilla membrane. buccinator ‣ Opposite the upper second molar tooth, there is a small papilla on the mucous membrane, marking the opening of the parotid duct. Mouth proper It has: ‣ Roof, which is formed by the hard palate anteriorly & soft palate posteriorly. ‣ The floor is formed by the anterior 2/3 of the tongue hard palate soft palate palate Hard palate Bony part is formed by 4 bones: 2 palatine processes of the maxillae anteriorly and the 2 horizontal plates of palatine bones posteriorly. — The 4 bones are separated by cruciform suture. — It is bounded laterally by the alveolar arches, and behind it is continuous with the soft palate. — It forms the floor of the nasal cavities. Mucous membrane The undersurface of the hard palate is covered with mucoperiosteum. It possesses a median elevated ridge (palatine raphe) On either side of the ridge the mucous membrane shows transverse corrugations ( palatine rugae). ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم وﺟﻤﻌﮫ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﻌﮫ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬rugae ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ maxilla, palatine process transverse palatine folds (palatine rugae) Palatine raphe horizontal plate Soft palate The soft palate is a mobile fold of mucous membrane attached to the posterior border of the hard palate. — In its free posterior border there is a conical projection called the uvula. uvula Palate The soft palate composed of : Mucous membrane Mucous membrane Palatine aponeurosis Muscles Palatine aponeurosis Muscles Nerves & vessels covers its upper & lower surfaces. is a fibrous sheet attached to the posterior border of the hard palate. It is the expanded tendon of the tensor palatini. 5 pairs of muscles 1-Tensor veli palatini, 2-Levator veli palatini, 3-Palatoglossus 4-Palatopharyngeus, 5-Musculus uvulae. Will be discussed in details in next slide 1-The greater and lesser palatine nerves from the maxillary nerve, the palate through the greater and lesser palatine foramina. — Nerves & vessels enter 2-The nasopalatine nerve, also a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the palate through the incisive foramen. Sensory innervation — 3-The glossopharyngeal nerve also supplies the soft palate. Palatine aponeurosis & tensor veli palatini The muscle fibers of the tensor palatini converge as they descend from their origin to form a narrow tendon, which turns medially around the pterygoid hamulus. palatine aponeurosis The tendon, together with the tendon of the opposite side, expands to form the palatine aponeurosis When the muscles of the two sides contract, the soft palate is tightened so it moves upward as a tense sheet. palatine aponeurosis Muscles of the soft palate Muscle Tensor veli palatini Action: Tenses soft palate Levator veli palatini Action: Raises soft palate Origin Palatoglossus Action: Pulls root of the tongue upward & backward, narrows oropharyngeal isthmus Musculus uvulae Action: Elevates uvula Nerve supply With muscle of other side, forms Palatine aponeurosis Nerve to medial pterygoid from mandibular nerve Palatine aponeurosis Pharyngeal plexus Palatine aponeurosis Posterior border of thyroid cartilage Pharyngeal plexus Palatine aponeurosis Side of tongue Pharyngeal plexus Posterior border of hard palate Mucous membrane of uvula Pharyngeal plexus Spine of sphenoid, auditory tube Petrous part of temporal bone, auditory tube Palatopharyngeus Action: Elevates wall of pharynx, pulls palatopharyngeal folds medially Insertion MCQ Picture Movement of soft palate Female Slides Pharyngeal Isthmus (In girls slides): (It is the communication between nasal and oral parts of the pharynx) It is the space between the two palatopharyngeal arches. It is closed by raising the soft palate upward. Closure occurs during the production of explosive consonants in speech and Like the letters p,b,d swallowing. Soft palate is raised by the contraction of the levator veli palatini and Palatopharyngeus. At the same time, the superior wall of the pharynx is pulled forward. The palatopharyngeus muscles on both sides also contract so that the palatopharyngeal arches are pulled medially, like side curtains. By this means the nasal part of the pharynx is closed off from its oral part. Nerve supply of the soft palate Motor: All muscles of the palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus of nerves EXCEPT Tensor Veli Palatini by mandibular nerve. Motor innervation of soft palate can be tested by saying ‘Ah’, normally soft palate rises upward, and the uvula moves backward in the middle. Sensory: Maxillary nerve through: Greater, Lesser palatine & Nasopalatine nerves. Glossopharyngeal nerve Blood supply of the palate Greater & lesser branches of the maxillary artery. Ascending palatine branch of the facial artery. Ascending pharyngeal branch of the external carotid artery. Greater palatine artery Lesser palatine artery Ascending palatine artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Tongue Definition The tongue is a mass of striated muscle covered with mucous membrane . 1 Its anterior 2/3 lies in the mouth, and its posterior 1/3 lies in the pharynx. 2 The tongue is divided into right & left halves by a median fibrous septum. 3 Muscles attach the tongue to the styloid process & soft palate above and to the mandible & the hyoid bone below. Dorsal surface of Tongue The mucous membrane of the upper surface of the tongue can be divided into anterior 2/3 or oral part and posterior 1/3 or pharyngeal part by a V-shaped sulcus.The sulcus terminalis. The posterior third has no papillae and only has lingual tonsil. Female Slides The apex of the sulcus projects backward and is marked by a small pit, the foramen cecum. It’s an embryologic remnant which marks the site of the upper end of the thyroglossal duct. Tongue The mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue is smooth and is reflected from the tongue to the floor of the mouth On the lateral side of the frenulum, the deep lingual vein can be seen through the mucous membrane. In the midline, the undersurface of the tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane, The frenulum of the tongue. Lateral to the lingual vein, the mucous membrane forms a serrated fold called the fimbriated fold. Female Slides Tongue: sensory innervation MCQ Part Anterior 2/3 Posterior 1/3 General Sensation (from mucous membrane) Taste Sensation (from taste buds) Lingual nerve. Chorda Tympani of the (Facial) nerve. EXCEPT the vallate papillae Glossopharyngeal nerve. Glossopharyngeal nerve. (including the vallate papillae) Muscles of the Tongue Intrinsic Muscles : are restricted to the tongue and are not attached to a bone Muscle (pair) Origin 1- Superior and inferior longitudinal 2- Vertical 3-Transverse Median septum and submucosa Insertion Mucous membrane Innervation Action Hypoglossal nerve Alter the shape of the tongue while it lies within the mouth. Extrinsic Muscles: are attached to bones and soft palate Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus Palatoglossus Protrudes apex of tongue through mouth Superior genial spine of mandible Greater cornu and body of hyoid bone Blends with other muscles of tongue Hypoglossal nerve Depresses tongue Styloid process of temporal bone Palatine aponeurosis Draws tongue upward and backward Side of tongue Pharyngeal plexus Pulls root of tongue upward and backward,narrows oropharyngeal isthmus Tongue supply Arterial supply It is supplied by: 1- lingual artery, 2- Tonsillar branch of the facial artery. 3- Ascending pharyngeal artery. Venous drainage ‣ dorsal lingual vein ‣ deep lingual vein ‣ The veins drain into the internal jugular vein. Lymphatic drainage ‣ The tip of the tongue drains into submental lymph nodes. ‣ The remainder of the anterior ⅔ drain into submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes ‣ The Posterior 1/3 drain into deep cervical lymph nodes. Tongue movement Protrusion Is brought by the Genioglossus on both sides acting together. Retraction Is produced by Styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides acting together. Depression Is produced by the hyoglossus & genioglossus on both sides acting together. Retraction and elevation Retraction and elevation of the posterior third of the tongue is produced by the styloglossus and palatoglossus muscles on both sides acting together. Shape Changes The tongue is modified in shape by the action of its intrinsic muscles. Extra MCQs Q1. The uvula is the structure in the back of the mouth that is an extension of the ? A. Soft palate B. Hard palate C. Vestibule area D. None C. Vagus nerve D. Maxillary nerve Q2. Most muscles of the soft palate are supplied by? A. Glosso-pharyngeal nerve B. Pharyngeal plexus Q3. Which muscle of these forms the palatine aponeurosis? A. Tensor tympani B. Levator veli palatini C. Palato-pharyngeus D. Tensor palatini Q4. Opposite to the ....................... , there is a small papilla on the mucous membrane, marking the opening of the parotid duct. A. Last molar tooth B. Upper second molar C. Upper third molar D. Lower second molar tooth tooth tooth C. Anterior 1/3 D. Posterior 1/3 Q5. Which part of the tongue contains NO papillae ? A. Anterior 2/3 B. Posterior 2/3 A1. A A2. B A3. D A4. B A5. D FOR ANKI FLASHCARDS OR CLICK HERE Team Leaders Faris Alzahrani Salman Althunayan Norah Almohaimeed Raseel Almutairi Team Members Khalid Alsobei Lama Alsuliman Mohammed Alarfaj Wafa Alakeel Faisal Alhejji Mohammed Alqutub Aban Basfar Faisal Alshowier Sultan Albaqami Moath Alhudaif Aljoharah Alkhalifah Sarah Alshahrani Fatimah Alghamdi Shahad Alzaid Reuf Alahmari Lama Alotaibi Reem Alomair Haya Alajmi Norah Alhazzani Renad M Alshehri Special Thanks to Moath Alhudaif & Aleen Alkulyah for the Design and to Norah Almania for the Logo! [email protected]