L1 Concept of Health and Disease Dr.Alaa.pdf

Primary Health Care Lecture 2 Concept of Health and Diseases   You be able to: 1. Identify the Primary Health care By the end of this 2. Identify the important terms related to PHC lecture: 3. Explain the model of Illness & Health 4....

Primary Health Care Lecture 2 Concept of Health and Diseases   You be able to: 1. Identify the Primary Health care By the end of this 2. Identify the important terms related to PHC lecture: 3. Explain the model of Illness & Health 4. Describe the model od disease causation   With increasing recognition of failure of exiting health services to provide health care, alternative ideas and methods have been considered and tried.  Discussing these ideas at the Alma-Ata Primary conferences in 1978. Health Care  Alma-Ata Declaring the concept of “ Health for All”  Primary Health Care is a new approach to healthcare which integrates at the community level all the factors required for improving the health status of population.  Made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation, and within a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self reliance and self-determination.   PHC is essential health care based on:  1- Practical Primary health care  2- Scientifically sound and (PHC)  3- Socially acceptable methods and technology .  PHC(Def.)  It is the first level of contact of individuals, the family and community with the national health system bringing health care as close as possible to where people live and work, and constitutes the first element of a continuing health care process".   Is the science and art of preventing disease , Primary prolonging life , and promoting health and health efficiency through organized community care efforts for the sanitation of the environment, (PHC) the control of communicable infections, the education of the individual in personal hygiene   What is health? Health can be thought of Understanding as the state of being free from injury or illness. Physical health means living in a the difference body that is strong, capable, and free of between Health, disease. Illness ,Disease and Sickness  Mental health, meanwhile, means having a mind that is strong, capable, and free of disease.   Illness is a subjective state of the Understanding person who feels aware of not the difference being well between . Disease is something that needs to be cured. It is any deviations Health, Illness from normal functioning or state ,Disease and of complete physical or mental well-being. Sickness  Sickness is a state of social dysfunction ( I can’t study as I has stomach pain)  Biomedical concept Concept of Ecological concept Health Psychosocial concept Holistic concept   Health is “absence of disease” Biomedical  All systems work perfectly. concept  Based on germ theory of disease.  Health is the dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and disease is the maladjustment of the human organism to his Ecological environment. concept Ecological concept: Raised two Ecologists questions – Imperfect man – Imperfect environment If you live in a healthy environment, it will reflect on your health.   Health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but it is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, Psychosocial economic and political factors of concept the people concerned, Health is both a biological and social phenomenon”  Synthesis of all the above concepts, It recognizes the strength of social, Holistic economic, political and concept environmental influences on health Then came a many definitions of health   The health is multidimension:  A. Physical dimension:  Perfect functioning of body Dimensions  Every cell and tissues functioning at optimum of Health capacity  Measurable at individuals & community level   The health is multidimensional:  B. Mental Dimension:  Respond to activities in life with flexibility and purpose  State of balance between individual and surrounding world  Physical and mental are considered separate Dimensions entities of Health  Psychosomatic illness ( stress exaggerate many disease)  Cannot be measured  Objective or subjective?  Q: Signs of mentally healthy person?   The health is multidimensional:  C. Social Dimension:  Implies harmony & integration within & between individuals.  D. Emotional Dimension: Dimensions  Mental health is “ Knowing”, Emotional is “ of Health feeling”  E. Vocational Dimension:  Goal achievement and self realization in work are source of satisfaction and enhanced self esteem.  Positive Health Better Health Freedom from Sickness Spectrum Unrecognized Sickness of Health Mild Sickness Sever Sickness Death   Several models of disease causation help understand the General Models of disease process. Diseases  The most widely applied models Causation are:  The epidemiological triad (triangle),  the wheel, and  the web. And 21   The epidemiologic triangle or triad is the traditional model of infectious disease causation. The  It has three components: an external agent, a epidemiologic triad Model susceptible host, and environmental factors that interrelate in a variety of complex ways to produce disease in humans.  When we search for causal relationships, we must look at all three components and analyze their interactions to find practical and effective prevention and control measures. 22  Web of Causation is devised to address chronic disease – Other Models of can also be applied to causation communicable disease) due to multi-factorial nature of causation in many diseases 25 Web of There is no single cause Causation Causes of disease are interacting Illustrates the interconnectedness of possible causes 26