L1 and Overview Health Informatics Lecture 1 PDF

College of Applied Medical Sciences in Dammam Academic Year 2024-2025 Health Information (HIMT 204) Overview of Health Informatics Lec tu re 1 Nouf Alassaf  Learning Ob...

College of Applied Medical Sciences in Dammam Academic Year 2024-2025 Health Information (HIMT 204) Overview of Health Informatics Lec tu re 1 Nouf Alassaf  Learning Objectives At the end of this session, you should be able to:  State the definition of health informatics and related terms  Identify the drivers behind health informatics  Describe the key players involved in health informatics  Describe organizations and career opportunities in health informatics  Old Medicine Excerpted from: Duffin, J. (2021). History of medicine: a scandalously short introduction. University of Toronto Press.  Old Medicine Excerpted from: Duffin, J. (2021). History of medicine: a scandalously short introduction. University of Toronto Press.  Old Medicine Excerpted from: Imgur.com (n.d.). History of medicine: All 45 Paintings By Robert Thom. New Medicine New Medicine  New Medicine Health Informatics  Definitions - Health informatics (HI) is the field of information science concerned with management of healthcare data and information through the application of computers and other technologies. - It is more about managing information in the healthcare field than it is about technology. - Technology can generate, transport and analyze useful healthcare data. - “Technology is the transportation, not the destination.” Dr. Safran - It is known as clinical informatics, medical informatics, and bioinformatics -> confusion. - Bioinformatics is concerned with biological data, particularly DNA and genomic information.  Definitions (Cont.) - Information Technology (IT) It is a broad term referring to the process of searching, organizing, and managing data supported using computers. - Health Information Technology (HIT or Health IT) It is defined as the application of computers and technology in healthcare settings. - Health Information Management (HIM) It is the collection, analysis, storage and protection of the quality of patient health information.  Definitions (Cont.) - Health Informatics (HI) The American Medical Informatics Association (2011) defines health informatics as “the science of how to use data, information, and knowledge to improve human health and the delivery of health care services.” D-I-K-W Hierarchy Wisdom Knowledge Information Data  D-I-K-W Hierarchy (Cont.) Data - Lowest level of representation - Raw facts - Symbols representing observations about the world - The plural form of datum - Has no meaning Information - Meaningful data or facts from which conclusions can be drawn by humans or computers  D-I-K-W Hierarchy (Cont.) Knowledge - Awareness & understanding of a set of information & ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision Wisdom - Application of knowledge to an appropriate situation, developed through knowledge, experience, insight, and reflection  D-I-K-W Hierarchy (Cont.) Example1: I should invest in a new house Judgement I am rich! Processing/Synthesis 100,000,000 in my bank account Intrepretation/Contextualization 100,000,000  D-I-K-W Hierarchy (Cont.) Example2: Sara has a blood pressure reading 170/100 mmHg. - Investigate the cause of hypertension - Prescribe an anti-hypertensive drugs - Refer to a cardiologist Judgement Sara has high blood pressure Processing/Synthesis BP of Sara is 170/100 mmHg Intrepretation/Contextualization 170/100  D-I-K-W Hierarchy (Cont.) - The elements of DIKW framework have certain hierarchal structure - However, the hierarchy is not strictly linear but rather, circular, and DIKW are interrelated  D-I-K-W Hierarchy (Cont.) - Computers stores data only - HI provides the tools to generate information from data - Convert Information to konwledge -> Humans (clinicians and researchers) or by using clinical data warehouse (CDW).  Class Activity A 32-year-old male admitted in hospital with severe cough, dyspnea and expiratory wheezes - Patient needs to be investigated for the cause of COPD - Patient needs to be treated with COPD medication (corticosteroids) - Patient needs to be referred to a pulmonologist Judgement Patient may have COPD Processing/Synthesis Patient has severe cough, dyspnea and expiratory wheezes Intrepretation/Contextualization Male, 32 years  Health Informatics Key Users - HI is important to all stakeholders in healthcare 1. Patient/Consumer– the individual who receives healthcare 2. Provider – those who “provide” healthcare ex: physicians, nurses, allied health providers 3. Purchaser – those who buy healthcare, usually employers or the government (in the meantime) 4. Payor – those who “pay” the healthcare system, i.e., the insurance companies and government 5. Public health – protectors of the public’s health - These stakeholders have diverse applications of HI that they use during the healthcare process, maintaining health, or conducting research  Why We Need Health Informatics? - Increase healthcare efficiency and productivity - Improve patient safety  Ensure patients receive accurate prescriptions based on patient records  Simulate clinical scenarios  Automate processes where possible (filing paperwork, processing billing codes, and verifying insurance information) - Reduce healthcare costs  No-show appointments and delayed patient care  Identifying duplicate orders  Reducing drug expenses (showing cheaper alternatives)  Why We Need Health Informatics? (Cont.) - Improve healthcare access  Virtual appointments  Online scheduling - Improve coordination and continuity of care  Equip healthcare providers with access to real-time patient records and medical information, driving critical decision-making to provide the best patient care  Develop tools, such as hand-off tools - Standardize medical care  Help the provider adherence to evidence-based practice  Health Informatics Career Govermental associations  Organizations Involved with HI Professional & trade associations - American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) focus on health and disease - Healthcare Information & Management Systems Society (HIMSS) focus on vendors and consultants - Society for Technology in Anesthesia improve the quality of patient care by improving anesthesia- related technologies and its application - Saudi Association for Health Informatics (SAHI) participate actively in the e-health transformation through promoting HI-related education, research, & professional practice  Organizations Involved with HI (Cont.) Govermental associations United States 1. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) umbrella for most of the important government agencies that involve HIT 2. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) oversees the application of HIT reports directly to the Secretary of HHS  Organizations Involved with HI (Cont.) Govermental associations Saudi Arabia 1. National Health Information Center (NHIC) A communication center to provide, organize and exchange health information electronically among bodies of health sectors and other relevant bodies.  Discussion Govermental associations Why it is important for paramedical specialists to understand the concepts of health informatics?  References American Medical Informatics Association. (2011). Informatics: Research and practice. https://amia.org/about-amia/why-informatics/informatics-research- and-practice Eiland, C. (2022). Why is health informatics important? https://www.noodle.com/articles/why-is-health-informatics-important College of Public Health and Health Informatics. (2018). Master program: Health informatics. https://www.ksau- hs.edu.sa/English/Colleges/Cphhi/Pages/Academics/MasterProgramHealthIn formatics.aspx Hebda, T., Hunter, K. & Czar, P. (2024). Handbook of informatics for nurses and healthcare professionals. (7th ed.). Pearson. Chapter 1 & 2 Hoyt, R. E. &Yoshihashi, A. K. (2018). Health informatics: Practical guide for healthcare and information technology professionals. (7th ed.). Lulu.com. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. (2022). Bachelor of science in health information management and technology. https://www.iau.edu.sa/en/colleges/college-of-public- health/programs/bachelor-of-science-in-health-information-management- and-technology  References (Cont.) National Health Information Center. (2022). Center strategy. https://nhic.gov.sa/en/AboutUs/Pages/StrategicObjectives.aspx Saudi Association for Health Informatics. (2022). About SAHI. https://www.sahi.org.sa/wp/?page_id=3781&lang=en Saudi Electronic University. (2021). Health informatics department. https://seu.edu.sa/hsc/en/departments/health-informatics-department/ Society for Technology in Anesthesia. (n.d.). Our mission. https://www.stahq.org/about/our-mission World Health Organization. (2019). Patient safety. https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/patient-safety THANK YOU