PCI-03.pdf

periodic table 3 of elements antoine-laurent lavoisier Wrote the first extensive list of elements - containing 33 elements “First True Periodic Table” Differentiated Metals vs. Non-Metals metals vs. non-metals metals non-metals Good conducto...

periodic table 3 of elements antoine-laurent lavoisier Wrote the first extensive list of elements - containing 33 elements “First True Periodic Table” Differentiated Metals vs. Non-Metals metals vs. non-metals metals non-metals Good conductor of heat and electricity Poor conductors Form Basic Oxides Form Acidic oxides Lustrous, ductile, malleable dull and brittle if solid ↑ Density ↓Density ↑ Melting Point ↓Melting Point Tends to lose electron (Low IP) Tends to accept electron (High EA) Meyer and mendeleev Physical and chemical properties are periodic functions of their atomic weights “First Periodic Law” henry moseley Elements are arranged based on atomic numbers “Modern Periodic Table” Johann dobereiner Elements within a triad shared similar chemical behavior. The atomic mass of the middle element in a triad was approximately the average of the atomic masses of the other two elements. Triad atomic mass Chlorine, bromine, and These elements belong to the halogen group and exhibit similar iodine: chemical properties. Lithium, sodium, and hese are alkali metals with similar reactivity. potassium: Potassium alkaline earth metals, sharing similar chemical reactivity. John Alexander newland Law of Octaves Every eighth element had properties similar to the first element Elements were arranged in increasing order of their atomic masses. parts of the periodic table PERIODS AND GROUPS The periodic table has a total of 7 periods and 18 groups group a referred to as representative elements (S and P block) GROUP B transition elements (D block) inner transition Actinide and Lanthanides series (F block) elements period (horizontal) 1st shortest period (s), 2 elements 2nd & 3rd short period (s & p), 8 elements 4th & 5th long periods (d), 18 elements 18 elements + lanthanide series (f) 6th Rare Earth Metals 14 elements 7th 18 elements + Actinide series (f) 14 elements the modern periodic table metallic element Left-hand rule non-metal right hand side Inert gas extreme right hand side Transition metals bridge between highly metallic alkali elements and the non-metals lie on the center of the table LANTHANIDE AND kept seperately ACTINIDE SERIES metalloids Intermediate between metals and non-metals Si, Ge, Po, Sb, As, Te, B “SiGe Po Sabi AsTe Baby” Periodic trends Electron affinity atomic radius Amount of energy released when an atom gains an electrons 1/2 the distance between 2 nuclei property to accept an electron Periodic trends Electronegativity Ability to attract elements in itself Attraction of nucleus for electrons Metals have low En, are electropositive Non-metals habe high En esp. Halogens Readily attract additional electrons to form anions Ionization energy/potential Energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom Metals have LOW IP - Readily forms cations Periodic trends atomic size/radius & metallic property PERIOD : left to right (Decrease) GROUP: bottom to top (Decrease) Electronegativity (EN), Ionization potential (IP, Electron affinity (EA) non-metallic property PERIOD: left to right (Increase) GROUP: bottom to top (Increase)