Kinesiology PDF - Final Exam

Syllabus (OFFICE) Room 156 Kin Building FINAL EXAM Saturday December 7th 7:30AM Introduction To Kin 8/27/24 Kinesiology is one of the fastest-growing majors in higher education PA- Physical Activity BEST TERM for kin- Academic Kinesiology Learn Kinesiology in 3 diffrent ways Physical activity e...

Syllabus (OFFICE) Room 156 Kin Building FINAL EXAM Saturday December 7th 7:30AM Introduction To Kin 8/27/24 Kinesiology is one of the fastest-growing majors in higher education PA- Physical Activity BEST TERM for kin- Academic Kinesiology Learn Kinesiology in 3 diffrent ways Physical activity experince- Focus of Kin, Direct engagement of varoious activity Hands on Experince Skill Development Self Assesment Scholorship Academic study and research of physical activity- Princibal Theroys Therotical knowledge- Research and Analysis Critical Thinking Professional experince in physical activity- Practical work experince in professional settings Applide practice Client interaction Problem Solving De nitions Kinesiology: Study of human movement Excerise science: The scienti c analysis of the human body is motion Physical Education: Process through which one obtains optimal physical, mental, and social skils and tness through PA Sport Studies- Encompasses the application of the social sciences of history, mangament, philosophy in a sporting context fi fi fi  PA: Does NOT include involuntary movement perforned without a speci c purpose PA Technical Def: Activity that is interntional, voluntary, and directed towards achieving an identi able goal Physical Activity: Large muscle movements that maybe include participation in games, sports, work, daily activity of life, and excercise Excercise: Physical movement that increase the rate of energy use of the body and engaged in for the purpose of getting t Physical Fitness: The body capacity to adapt and respond favorable to phyical effort Muscle Hypertrophy- The growth of muscle Wellness: Emotional, Mental, Physical, Social, and spiritual factors that lead to an overall state of well-being Qol, and ability to contribute to society Health: Absence of illness or disease, is a postive state of physiological function that incles physical tness and the ve dimensions of wellness Recreation: Refreshes or renews a persons strengh and spirit after work; a diversion that occurs during leisure hours Leisure: Is the freedom from work or responsibility when time may or may not be used for physical activity Play: Amusements engaged in freely, for fun, and devoid for constraints Games: Can describe playful activity, rule-governed contests, and athletic competitions Sports: PA goiverned by fornal or informal competiton against an opponent or oneself and engaged in for fun or reward Athletics: Highly organized and structered completitons among skilled athletes fi fi fi fi Spheres Of Physical Science Experience 8/29/24 Seven Spheres of Physical Activity Experince Sphere of Self-Suf eciecy- Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) Personal care behaviors Bathing Dressing Eating Walking Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) More strenuous Light housework Preparing meals Shopping for groceries or clothes Home Maintenance Activities More complicated and demand more energy Shoveling snow Gardening or housework Repair work Limitations in preformaing ADLs and IADs require elderly people to depend on other institiutiuons. This is a problem because some people might not be able to afford other institutions. We can prevent this by recommending them to excerise. Examples of Excerises Could Be Light walking Swimming Sphere of Self-Expression- How you express yourself through physical activity fi Sphere of Work- Physical activity is an integral part of work and produces good and services Jobs that require a lot of physical demand Specialist focus on improving effeciency, greater produtivity, and imoproved safety in the work setting The challenge for Kinesiologist Risk in the workplace decreased PA levels due to technological advances injuries related to repetitive activities or the poor design of workspaces psychological stress --> CVD  How physical activity professionals contribute to work performance: improving the methods used to perform work redesigning inef cient workspaces, equipment, and tools preventing and rehabilitating work-related injuries Sphere of Education In most education programs, the GOAL is to change PA behavior. Objectives of Public-School Physical Education Programs PE is of interest to PA professionals and health promotion professionals. It is in uenced by societal forces and trends. Teaching Physical Education for Physical Fitness & Sport Skill Development Poor tness and sedentary levels have made this a top priority. Screen time is major contributor ---> little stress on muscular and cardiorespiratory systems. Developing competence and con dence at a early age is beni cial Sphere of Leisure Free time: personal time not encumbered with obligations. Leisure: a state of mind or being in which humans nd deep satisfaction and contentment. Physical Activity as a Leisure Activity Sports watching raises concern for PA professioal because it contrubites to too much seating Sphere of Health A strong relationship exists between PA and health. Low PA levels spark national interest related to high health care costs, disease prevention, and treatment. fi fi fi fi Active living- Ten minutes to hours Activity for health- 75-150 minutes per week Excercise for tness- 150-300 minutes per week training for sports- High level training varys The challenge for kinesiology PA professionals need to determine how to get people active in a safe and effective way. Association between obesity and low socieconomic status Food cost No Gym access Physical activity include overexercise and injuries Sphere of Competiton Compettion in PA comes naturally to humans this can be positive or negative but usally increase preformance Winning takes a backseat to good sporting behavior. fi Importance of Physical Activity Experinces Physical Activity Experince (PAE) PAE de ned as training in, observation of, practice of, or participation in PA to increase one’s capacity for physical performance. It is differentiated from subjective PAE ○ reactions, feelings, thoughts Kinesiologists are experts at designing and manipulating PAE to bring about desired ends. ○ improvements in skill, performance, health and well-being Two fundamental effects of physical activity experience 1. The development of skill through practice 2. The development of physical capacity All PAE contribute to both skill and physical capacity, but the mix of the two depends on many factors that can be modi ed by the performer Terminology Motor skills: PA performed to attain ef cient, coordinated motor responses Practice: PA that involves cognitive processing and leads to skill improvement Learning: Permanent alteration in the functioning of the nervous system Physical performance capacity: aspects of PA developed through training Training: PA carried out for the purpose of conditioning one for performance in an athletic or other event Conditioning: temporary end state of training re ected in the performer’s possession of strength, endurance, and exibility to carry out desired tasks Practive VS Training Prcatice affects the memory, congnition, perceoption, and other CNS processes Trianing effects that are peripheral to the CNS and that afffect muscle, bone, soft tissue, and the cardiprespiratory system A physically t person ○ can perform the essential ADL at a high level ○ has enough energy remaining to pursue an active leisure life ○ can meet unexpected physical demands that emergencies may impose fi fi fl fi fi fl ADL- Activites Of Daily Living Physical Activity Generalists PA generalists have experience in a broad range of skills and activities a person who has developed low-average to above-average competency). Advantage- enjoyment and satisfaction that comes from being able to engage in a variety of activities. Disadvantage- competence is not highly developed in any single activity, thus depriving the individual of experiences that come from demonstrating excellence. Physical Activity Specialists PA specialists devote themselves to developing depth of capacity in a single activity or a narrow range of activities. Advantage- pride and satisfaction that come from being able to do one activity at an above average-level. Disadvantage- misses out on opportunities to engage in several different activities. These in-depth experiences can result in some amazing capacities. Abilities are the building blocks of experience. ○ Abilities = genetic predispositions can offer advantages or disadvantages for certain activities ○ Abilities offer potential in speci c activities ○ Abilities + practice + training experiences = highest level of competence that you can achieve in a particular activity Unobservable emotions are as important as physical experience of our favorite physical activities. Derived from physical activity: ○ Emotions ○ Cognitions ○ Dispositions ○ Knowledge ○ Meanings fi Subjective Experinces Immediate subjective experiences ○ Instant” emotional and cognitive impressions ○ Awareness and ease of recognition of these impressions improves with experience Replayed subjective experiences (self-re ection) ○ Replay the experience in your mind including visual, kinesthetic, auditory ○ Putting experiences into context makes subjective experiences meaningful Factors That Affect Our Enjoyment Of Physical Activity 1. Factors related to the activity: balance between challenge and ability, clear goals and feedback, competition 2. Factors related to the performer: dispositions & attitudes 3. Factors related to the social context: alone versus with others, environment, sense of perceived freedom EX: Music can help our enjoyment of PA by giving us a rythem or tempo Vicarious participation ○ Feeling as though we are engaged in a sport contest that we are watching ○ Illustrated by comments such as “Our team is winning” or “Last night we lost,” even though we are not actually on the team Disinterested sport spectating ○ A form of watching sport contests in which we are nonpartisan in our feelings about the outcome ○ Does not always result in less enjoyment fl Barriers to Physical Activity Bene ts of Physical Activity Reduce feelings of depression and anxiety Help prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) & stroke Help reduce or eliminate the risk factors for high BP, obesity, diabetes, and colon cancer Improve exibility Build muscular strength and endurance Build healthy bones, muscles, and joints Increase cardiorespiratory endurance Increase the capacity for exercise As of 2023: CDC reported onlu 46.9% of US adults meet the physical activity (PA) guidelines. Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health Endurance exercise can recuce BP by 10mmHg Fit individuals have a lower chance of developing cancer Expending (Burning) 2,500+ calories per week decreasing the risk of dying of cardivascular disease or cancer Weoight gain and loss can be controlled by monitoring your calories in vs. calories out Excerise increases matabolic rate - increases EE Metablic rate- Amount of calories that your body needs to survive fi fl Adherence to exercise- The time you have commited to excerising Challenges facing the exercise science Public health issues Rising health care costs Activity program adherence in tness programs Inadequately educated individuals conducting tness classes, prescribing exercises & training Lack of access to tness programs by some minorities, senior citizens, and individuals with special needs fi fi fi Infrastricture of Physical Activity: Local, State, Federal Objectives HEALTHY PEOPLE 2030 Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, & premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, & improve health Create social & physical environments that promote good health. Promote QoL(Quility Of Life) , healthy development & behaviors across all life stages. PA–1: Reduce the proportion of adults who engage in no leisure-time PA PA–2, 3: Increase the proportion of adults/adolescents who meet current aerobic/ strengthening PA guidelines PA–4: Increase the proportion of schools that require daily PE for all students PA–5: Increase proportion of adolescents who participate in daily PE PA–6, 7: Increase regularly scheduled elementary school recess PA–8: Increase the proportion of children and adolescents who do not exceed recommended limits for screen time PA–9: Increase states with licensing regulations for PA in child care. PA–10: Increase the proportion of schools that provide access to their PA spaces and facilities PA–11: Increase the proportion of physician of ce visits that include counseling or education related to PA. PA–12: Increase the proportion of employees who have access to and participate in employer-based exercise programs. PA–13: Increase the proportion of trips made by walking. PA–14: Increase the proportion of trips made by bicycling. PA–15: Increase legislative policies for the built environment that enhance access to and availability of PA opportunities. fi