KINE 1000 Race, Racialization, and Identities Lecture Notes PDF

RACE, RACIALIZATION AND IDENTITIES KINE 1000 NOVEMBER 13/15 2023 CDOH - COLONIALISM AS A DETERMINANT OF INDIGENOUS • patriarchal policy - policy of culture • Structural determinants of health - how dependency and inequities are structurally maintained Self determination and Culture - BEST DETERMINA...

RACE, RACIALIZATION AND IDENTITIES KINE 1000 NOVEMBER 13/15 2023 CDOH - COLONIALISM AS A DETERMINANT OF INDIGENOUS • patriarchal policy - policy of culture • Structural determinants of health - how dependency and inequities are structurally maintained Self determination and Culture - BEST DETERMINANTS OF INDIGENOUS -Ga • policy at its root are polices of assimilation as it pertains to First Nations or Indigenous people - policy is a powerful construct of race • Colonialism - land dispossession and top of the term • First Nations - those illegal to practice culture, practice ceremony, illegal to vote, o acces to education • Patriarchal policy - tried to exclude women as policy of erasure RACISM AS A STRUCTURAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH S RACE AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT HISTORIES AND LIVED EXPERIENCES OF RACIALIZATION IN HEALTH AND SPORT IDENTITIES HEALTH how we experience health Singleton and Hays (2008) recommends the following guidance for students and educators when addressing difficult topics: • stay engaged • Expect to experience discomfort • Make space for people to speak their truths • Expect and accept a lack of closure If you’re comfortable, you’re not doing it well, supposed to be comfortable Truths and experiences being varied Purpose of KINE 1000 is to think critically, look in bet ween the black and white and the shades of gray in bet ween Not always concrete answers & HISTORIES OF RACE • the purpose of race was to distinguish bet ween superior and inferior human species that began with classifying based on physical characteristics • The establishment racial categories in fields of biology, psychology, and medicine worked to position race as a biological fact, however these efforts have been refuted • How race is medicalized concept, history of power, how we see health, how it interacts with race and by extension, racism, racialization ex: people’s cranium/head size connects to their superior intellect Women are inferior intellect, have hysteria gene HISTORIES OF RACE AND SCIENCE • Africa and Europe - there is not a single absolute genetic difference, meaning no single variant where all Africans have one variant and all Europeans another one • Race construction shows us that race is not biological • Assists to effectively examine challenges of racialization and racism today • The body of literature is advanced to say that race is not really a biological thing • Race shifted with respect to the Indian act (certain percentage quantum) • racialized people in the south • Change is an indicator of social construct idea Humans are more than 99% genetically identical Race is both a biological myth and social reality TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT Tuskegee term: the name explicitly places blame and burden in their community rather than the government • enslaved black Americans were rarely related humanely by physicians in the antebellum south • no consent, physicians believed black people are biologically distinct or even inferior to white people • Believed black people would rather suffer more cardiovascular complications rather than neurological • 1932 - 600 African-American men from making county, participated in the experiment • Goal of the experiment was to see what happens to black people when you don’t treat syphilis • Based their justification on a study called OSLO STUDY of untreated syphilis • Black employment was around 50% in the South • Informed consent is when a researcher tells a research subject about the study they’re participating in, giving them the option to opt out or not • Agency to make their own decision for their own body • Men were told they were receiving “bad blood” • Eunice Rivers - first black American women to work U.S. health care system Race is a malleable social category Race is a social and political formation that produces racial and divergent experiences • BIPOC Peoples are more likely to experience racism within the health care system • Racism and barriers such as access and language often means that healthcare is not sought when needed Brian Sinclair • waited 30 hours in waiting room to eventually die, report reports he died due to racism Joyce Echaquan • died of a pulmonary embolism of a fluid in the lungs • Insulted and mocked by nursing staff • High dose of a sedative, restrained physically • Admitted for severe gastrointestinal pains Leilani Muir • removed her appendix from her stomach for a test • At 14, didn’t know • Considered as an unfit mother Sexual sterilization act 1928-1972: over 2800 women were sterilized after being declared defective and unfit to produce children • based on eugenics (who is fit and unfit to produce) • 1969-1972, indigenous and Métis people accounts for 25% for all sterilized patients, while representing only 2.5% of the population Why are stories important? - know the stories for the people we care about Employed Critical Race Theory (CRT): • examine, expose, and recognize the dynamic and multi-dimensional nature of racisms operating within sport/PA • Argued for increasing research for activism and social justice Critical race theory: • multi-dimensional nature of racism in sport • How social institutions are laced with racism • Idaho, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Arizona, and North Dakota have passed legislation to ban CRT Why is threatening? - because it draws our attention how everything is laced with racism/racialization RACISM AS A STRUCTURAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH Arthur Ashe • first black man to win Wimbledon while dying from a botched blood transfusion that caused him to contract HIV • remained adamant that racism was his biggest burden Serena Williams: • “that’s life” is an acceptance that racism is part of her lived reality Coco Gauff: • choosing silence is choosing the side of the oppressor • a Privilege of whiteness is to stay silent and remain relatively unaffected by such egregious behaviours 2013-2016 concluded that racism is no longer a problem for FIFA Racism and its intersections are significant in our experience of everyday • it can be fun, traumatic, or absolutely catastrophic Structures of racial oppressions will not change if it continues to be addressed as a singular issue • must look at structures, institutions, and histories of racialized oppressions and inequalities, ex: Hugo Boateng attached by the police Structural exclusion and racism • exclusion in sport is underpinned by structural mechanisms such as power • Imbalance, cultural norms, and economically-driven policies often reproduce institutional racism • Institutional racism are a critical determinant of health is disproportionately experienced by BIPOC peoples • Withholding services is an example of institutional racism • In Canadian healthcare against Indigenous, failure to treat safe care has led to prolonged injury, illness and, in many cases death • Over 600 patientss, identities play role in our health