KIN 411 Final Exam Tables PDF

Midterm 1 Motor Tracts Tract Site of Origin Site of Decussation (where relevant) Levels of Termination Function Path of travel Lateral Corticospinal Tract Primary motor cortex and other frontal and parietal area Pyramidal decussation at the cervicomedullar y junction Entire cord (predominantly at th...

Midterm 1 Motor Tracts Tract Site of Origin Site of Decussation (where relevant) Levels of Termination Function Path of travel Lateral Corticospinal Tract Primary motor cortex and other frontal and parietal area Pyramidal decussation at the cervicomedullar y junction Entire cord (predominantly at the cervical and lumbosacral enlargement) Movement of contralateral limbs contralateral (caudal medulla) Anterior Corticospinal Tract Primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area n/a Cervical and upper thoracic cord Control of bilateral axial and girdle muscles Ipsilateral (but may bifurcate) Rubrospinal tract Red nucleus, magnocellular division Ventral tegmental decussation, in the midbrain Cervical cord Movement of contralateral limbs (function is uncertain in humans) contralateral Facilitates flexor muscle tone and inhibits extensor muscle tone Vestibulospinal tracts (VST) Medial: medial and inferior vestibular nuclei n/a Lateral: lateral vestibular nucleus Medial: cervical and upper thoracic cord Lateral: entire cord Medial: positioning of head and neck Lateral: balance -Facilitates extensor muscle tone Medial: bilateral to cervical and thoracic levels (neck & axial) Lateral: ipsilateral to all levels of the spinal cord Reticulospinal Tract Pontine and medullary reticular formation n/a Entire cord Automatic posture and gait related movements (reflexes and tone) ipsilateral Corticobulbar Tract Primary motor cortex Pons (?) Pons (CN VII) Controls facial muscles Upper part of face: bilateral UMN innervation Lower part of the face: contralateral UMN innervation This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ Motor Lesion Posturing Posture Lesion Location Tracts Involved Position Decorticate Above midbrain (cortex, corona radiata, internal capsule) Rubrospinal and vestibulospinal tract Arms flexed, legs extended Decerebrate Below or in midbrain Vestibulospinal tract Arms and legs extended Midterm 2 Trigeminal Sensory Systems Nucleus Sensory modalities Main pathway to thalamus Main thalamic nucleus Location Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus proprioception - - midbrain Chief trigeminal sensory nucleus Fine touch, dental pressure Trigeminal lemniscus VPM pons Spinal trigeminal nucleus Crude touch, pain, temperature Trigeminothalamic tract VPM Medulla and spinal cord Spinal Cord Syndromes Syndrome Motor Symptoms Sensory Symptoms Transverse Cord Lesion Bilateral LMN symptoms at level of injury Bilateral UMN symptoms for all segments below the level of the injury PCML (loss of proprioception, vibration, light touch info) at the level of injury and below the level of injury bilaterally Anterolateral pathway (loss of pain, temp, crude touch) at the level of injury and below the level of injury bilaterally Central Cord Syndrome (Small Lesion) - Loss of pain and temperature sensation bilaterally for spinal cord segment one level below the injury where it occurs Posterior Cord Syndrome -- lose sense of vibration, proprioception, light touch at the level of injury lose sensation at the level of injury and all segments below the level of the injury bilaterally Anterior Cord Syndrome LMN symptoms for all muscles innervated by the level of the spinal cord where the injury occurs loss of pain and temp sensation for dermatomes innervated by spinal cord segment below the level of the injury potentially preservation of pain and temp This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ Hemicord Lesion (Brown Sequard Syndrome) bilaterally UMN symptoms for muscles innervated by spinal cord segments below the level of the injury bilaterally LMN symptoms for muscles innervated by level of the spinal cord where the injury occurs UMN symptoms for muscles innervated by spinal cord segments below the level of the injury on the ipsilateral side sensation at the level of the injury loss of proprioception, vibration, light touch sensation for dermatomes innervated by the spinal cord segment at the level of the injury and all segments below the injury small strip of pain and temperature sensation loss for dermatomes innervated by the level of the spinal cord where the injury occurs on the ipsilateral side loss of pain/temp sensation in all dermatomes innervated by segments below the injury on the contralateral side Vestibular Nuclei Outputs Destination Vestibular Nuclei Involved Function Pathway Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract LVN Control balance and extensor tone Medial Vestibulospinal Tract MVN and IVN Positioning of head and neck (vestibulocollic reflex) Eye nuclei (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens) SVN and MVN Eye muscles/reflexes (VOR) Through medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) Parietal Lobe SVN Conscious perception of head orientation/movement Bilateral via thalamus Cerebellum MVN Balance, eye control, movement coordination ipsilateral/reciprocal Final Exam Inputs to the Cerebellum Input Pathway Main Origins of Input Cells Projecting to Cerebellum Cerebellar Peduncle Pontocerebellar Fibres cortex Pontine nuclei Middle cerebellar peduncle This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Leg proprioceptors Nucleus dorsalis of clark Inferior cerebellar peduncle Cuneocerebllar tract Arm proprioceptors External cuneate nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle Vestibular inputs Vestibular system Vestibular ganglia, vestibular nuclei Juxtarestiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncles) Outputs from the Cerebellum Region Deep Nuclei Cerebellar Peduncle Main output targets or equivalent Lateral hemispheres Dentate nucleus Superior cerebellar peduncle Ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus (VL) (premotor cortex, SMA, motor cortex, parietal cortex) parvocellular red nucleus Intermediate hemispheres Interposed nuclei Superior cerebellar peduncle VL (premotor cortex, SMA. motor cortex) magnocellular red nucleus Vermis Fastigial nucleus Uncinate fasciculus VL (motor cortex, motor association areas), Tectum Inferior vermis and flocculonodular lobe Vestibular nuclei and fastigial nuclei Juxtarestiform body Medial longitudinal fasciculus (eye movement pathways) Function of Cerebellar Pathways Region Functions Motor Pathways Influenced Ipsilateral/bilateral Lateral hemispheres Motor planning for extremities LCST IPSI Intermediate hemisphere Distal limb coordination LCST, rubrospinal tract (for arms) IPSI Vermis and flocculonodular lobe Proximal limb and trunk coordination ACST, reticulospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract, tectospinal tract BI Balance and VOR Medial longitudinal fasciculus IPSI Channels of Basal Ganglia This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ Sources of Cortical Input Basal Ganglia Input Nuclei Basal Ganglia Output Nuclei Thalamic Relay Nuclei Cortical Targets of Output Motor Channel Somatosensory Cortex, Primary Motor Cortex, Premotor Cortex Putamen GPi, SNr VI, VA Supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex Oculomotor channel Posterior parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex Caudate, body GPi, SNr VA, MD Frontal eye fields, supplementary eye fields Prefrontal Channel Posterior parietal cortex, premotor cortex Caudate, head GPi, SNr VA, MD Prefrontal cortex Limbic channel Temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala Nucleus accumbens, ventral caudate, ventral putamen Ventral pallidum, GPi, SNr MD, VA Anterior cingulate, orbital frontal cortex Vascular Injuries Location Area of Brain Affected Effects Lateral frontal lobe to anterior parietal lobe Right face and arm weakness (UMN injury) -sometimes right face and arm sensory loss Left MCA inferior division Anterolateral temporal lobe and posterior parietal lobe -right visual field deficit -sometimes right face and arm sensory loss -motor findings generally normal unless carefully examined -sometimes right sided weakness, especially at onset of symptoms Left MCA Deep Division Deep structures (eg. basal ganglia - body of caudate and most of lentiform nucleus) -right pure motor hemiparesis -larger infarcts with cortical deficits -basal ganglia dysfunction Right MCA Superior Division Lateral frontal lobe to anterior parietal lobe Left face and arm weakness (UMN injury) -left hemineglect to a variable extent Left MCA Superior Division This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ -sometimes left face and arm sensory loss Right MCA Inferior Division Anterolateral temporal lobe and posterior parietal lobe -left hemineglect -potentially left motor neglect -often left visual field and somatosensory deficits (but difficult to test bc of neglect) -normal left strength -sometimes mild left sided weakness Deep structures (eg. basal ganglia - body of caudate and most of lentiform nucleus) -left pure motor hemiparesis -larger infarcts with cortical deficits (eg. left hemineglect) -basal ganglia dysfunction Left ACA Medial Frontal Lobe to Anterior Parietal Lobe -right leg weakness (UMN injury) -right leg sensory loss -larger infarcts cause right hemiplegia Right ACA Medial Frontal Lobe to Anterior Parietal Lobe -left leg weakness (UMN injury) -left leg sensory loss -larger infarcts cause left hemiplegia Right Common Carotid Artery ACA and MCA All effects of ACA and MCA infarct Deep Branches Internal Capsule Contralateral corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts Right MCA Deep Division QUESTION: would we have deficits in skilled motor formulation with left cerebral artery damages (since we are affecting the left medial parietal association) This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ This study source was downloaded by 100000814400909 from CourseHero.com on 04-10-2024 01:07:44 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/153650159/KIN-411-Final-Exam-Tablespdf/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)