Kin 110 Exam 2 Review Sheet PDF

Kin 110 Exam 2 Review Sheet **Lecture 8: ATP and Intro to Energy Systems** 1\) Name the 3 main energy systems and write down the duration of time that each is the primary contributor to energy production a\) Creatine Phosphate \~ 15 seconds b\) Glycolysis \~ 2 minutes c\) Oxidative Phosphoryla...

Kin 110 Exam 2 Review Sheet **Lecture 8: ATP and Intro to Energy Systems** 1\) Name the 3 main energy systems and write down the duration of time that each is the primary contributor to energy production a\) Creatine Phosphate \~ 15 seconds b\) Glycolysis \~ 2 minutes c\) Oxidative Phosphorylation \> 2 minutes 2\) Where does glycolysis occur? Do any other energy systems occur in this location? Glycolysis and the creatine phosphate energy system occurs in the cytosol. 3\) ADP breaks down into ATP to release the energy we use in our day to day lives a\) True b\) False False: ATP breaks down into ADP to release the energy we use in our day to day lives. 4\) Only one energy system is providing energy for a certain task at a given time a\) True b\) False False: The energy systems work together to provide energy 5\) Explain the gumball analogy (i.e., what form of currency represents each energy source) The gumball analogy provides a simple way to understand the energy we are getting from each energy pathway system. Creatine Phosphate: A quarter → immediate gumball such as an immediate source of ATP Glycolysis: A dollar → Will take a little longer to insert a dollar amount of quarters but it will lead to more gumballs. Glycolysis takes a little longer than Creatine Phosphate but yields more ATP. Oxidative Phosphorylation: A \$100 bill → May take a very long time to insert a \$100 dollar amount of quarters, but it will lead to a tremendous number of gumballs. Oxidative phosphorylation takes the longest but will yield the most ATP. 6\) What is the advantage of storing energy in the form of fats (\$100) vs. glucose/carbs (\$1)? We can store a lot more energy in fat than CHO! Although it takes a longer time for fats to be utilized as the main energy source, we can have less of it and it will produce more ATP than CHO will. 7\) Which activity would not be primarily powered by the PCr system? a\) 100m dash b\) 1 rep bench-press max c\) 10 second sprint to your Uber that almost drove away without you d\) Walking from Southwest to Totman 8\) Glycolysis is the breakdown of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and yields \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ATP. Glucose, 2 ATP 9\) The fate of this metabolic intermediate is determined by the availability of oxygen. a\) Lactate b\) Pyruvate c\) Acetyl CoA d\) Carnitate 10\) What is the correct order of the steps of oxidative phosphorylation? a\) Acetyl CoA → ETC → Kreb's Cycle → ATP formation b\) Pyruvate → Kreb's Cycle → ETC → ATP formation c\) Acetyl CoA → Kreb's Cycle → ETC → ATP formation d\) Pyruvate → Kreb's Cycle → ETC → ATP formation 11\) The complete oxidation of glucose yields \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ATP. 32 **Fat Metabolism** 1\) Production of energy from FAT increases as exercise intensity \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and exercise duration \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Decreases, Increases 2\) Fill in the blanks and explain what happens at each step of FAT oxidation a\) Mobilization → Fatty acids are mobilized through the blood stream b\) Uptake → Fatty acids uptake into the muscle c\) Mitochondria → Fatty Acid enters the mitochondria d\) Slice → into Acetyl CoA (beta oxidation) e\) Oxidation → Fatty Acids oxidized to form ATP 3\) What do fatty acids need in order to enter the mitochondria? Carnitine 4\) Explain why fatty acid oxidation produces more ATP There is more acetyl CoA produced from a fatty acid then from glucose / more carbon, more ATP **Lecture 10: CHO vs. FAT** 1\) Which of the following supplements would be most useful to take for a marathon (long duration)? a\) One that increases glycogen → glucose breakdown b\) One that increases rate of anaerobic glycolysis c\) One that maximizes rate of oxidation d\) One that increases CP content 2\) Is CHO or FAT more economical in terms of: a\) Storage → FAT b\) Exercise duration → FAT c\) Exercise intensity → CHO d\) Speed of breakdown → CHO e\) Oxygen → CHO f\) Carbon → FAT 3\) The crossover concept illustrates the shift in fuel use at increasing intensities. In general, as exercise intensity increases, percentage of energy produced from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ increases and the percentage of energy produced from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ decreases. CHO, FAT 4\) Would you lose more weight over time if (assuming you were consistently in a caloric deficit) you walked 30 minutes every day or if you ran 30 minutes every day? Why? 5\) What are the end products of oxidative phosphorylation using CHO and FATS? ATP, CO2, and H2O 6\) More energy is stored in Fats compared to CHO a\) True b\) False **Factors Influencing CHO vs FAT usage** 1\) Consistent endurance training can result in improved glycogen storage and shift of fuel usage towards: a\) FAT b\) Glucose c\) Protein 2\) What is VO2max a measure of? a\) Exercise intensity b\) How fast you can run c\) Maximal aerobic capacity 3\) Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) is used to determine the amount of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ expelled by the body to the amount of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_taken in by the body. If the RER is equal to 0.7, this indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ use, whereas, an RER of 1.0 indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ use. CO2, O2, Fat, CHO 4\) The Atkins Diet (low CHO, high PRO) can shift fuel use towards fats. a\) Yes, at all exercise intensities b\) Yes, but only proven at low exercise intensities c\) No, this is not related to fuel use 5\) Caffeine shifts fuel use towards \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by increasing the mobilization of triglycerides → FAs Fats 6\) High altitudes shift fuel use to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ because it is more economical in terms of O2:ATP. CHO **Protein** 1\) What are the two types of amino acids? What's the difference between them? Essential amino acids: not synthesized in the body → these have to come from diet. (9/20) Non-Essential amino acids: can be synthesized from other amino acids in the body. (11/20) 2\) What is unique for every amino acid? The R group. 3\) What are the two types of protein? What's the difference between them? PRO from animal sources à complete protein - contains all essential amino acids. PRO from plant sources à incomplete protein -- missing/contains low levels of 1+ essential amino acids. 4\) Increased energy contribution from PRO is directly tied to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ concentration. Glycogen 5\) Sedentary individuals need about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ g/kg body weight of PRO per day while athletes vary from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ g/kg body weight of PRO. 0.8 g/kg/d 1.2 -- 2.0 g/kg/d 6\) If your rate of protein synthesis is higher than your rate of protein breakdown, it should result in increases in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Lean body mass gain 7\) Protein consumption is best associated to gains in lean muscle mass when it is consumed in a\) Numerous, but small quantities b\) 3-4 times per day, in medium sized quantities c\) 2 times per day, in large quantities b → 3-4 times per day, in medium sized quantities 8\) How are protein and exercise intensity/duration related? Which macronutrient is this similar to? Protein usage increases as exercise intensity/duration increases. CHO usage shares a similar relationship with exercise intensity and duration. 9\) Which situations increase the contribution of PRO as an energy source? a\) Exercise b\) Low energy, low CHO diets and starvation c\) Low intensity exercise d\) All of the above e\) Only A and B