Sound Properties and Waves PDF

**3. Sound** **Core Knowledge** **Properties of waves** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Question** | **Answer** | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **What is a wave?...

**3. Sound** **Core Knowledge** **Properties of waves** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Question** | **Answer** | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **What is a wave?** | An oscillation or | | | | vibration which | | | | transfers energy from | | | | one place to another | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is | The distance from the | | | amplitude?** | middle to the top or | | | | bottom of the wave | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is | The distance between | | | wavelength?** | a point on the wave | | | | to the same point on | | | | the next wave | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is the | The bottom of the | | | 'trough'?** | wave | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is the | The top of the wave | | | 'peak'?** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is | How many waves pass a | | | frequency?** | fixed point per | | | | second, measured in | | | | Hertz (Hz) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is hertz?** | The unit of | | | | frequency. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is a | The direction of | | | transverse wave?** | vibration is at right | | | | angles to the | | | | direction of motion | | | | of the wave | | | | | | | | Eg light | | | | | | | | - - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is a | The direction of | | | longitudinal wave?** | vibration is the same | | | | as the direction of | | | | motion of the wave | | | | | | | | Eg sound | | | | | | | | - - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |  | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **\\** **Sound Waves** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Question** | **Answer** | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **How are sound waves | Sound waves are | | | caused?** | caused by the | | | | vibration of | | | | particles, sound | | | | travels quicker in a | | | | solid than a gas as | | | | the particles are | | | | closer together | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **How does a | Sound waves are | | | loudspeaker work?** | produced by all | | | | vibrating objects. | | | | Loudspeakers work by | | | | converting electrical | | | | energy into kinetic | | | | energy. This moves | | | | the cone which | | | | creates the sound | | | | waves. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is an | A machine that | | | oscilloscope** | displays sound waves | | | | on a screen | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | Diagrams 1 and 2 show | | | | two sounds with the | | | | same wavelength and | | | | frequency, so they | | | | will have the same | | | | pitch. The sound in | | | | diagram 2 has a | | | | greater amplitude | | | | than the one in | | | | diagram 1, so it will | | | | be louder. | | | | | | | | Diagrams 2 and 3 show | | | | two sounds with a | | | | different wavelength | | | | and frequency. The | | | | sound in diagram 3 | | | | has a higher | | | | frequency than the | | | | one in diagram 2, so | | | | its pitch will be | | | | higher. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is the range | Humans can hear | | | of human hearing?** | between 20--20 000 | | | | hertz (Hz), but other | | | | animals have | | | | different ranges of | | | | hearing | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **What is | Sound waves above 20 | | | ultrasound?** | 000 Hz are known as | | | | ultrasound, these | | | | sound waves are too | | | | high pitched for | | | | humans to hear | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | Ultrasound has many | | | | applications in | | | | medicine, including | | | | ultrasound scans to | | | | check on the health | | | | of unborn babies. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **How fast does sound | Sound travels faster | | | travel?** | through liquids and | | | | solids than it does | | | | through air and other | | | | gases. The table | | | | gives some examples. | | | | | | | | This is because the | | | | particles of gases | | | | are further apart | | | | than liquids and | | | | finally solids. Sound | | | | waves move more | | | | slowly when particles | | | | are further apart. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Hearing** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Question** | **Answer** | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Name the six parts | Ear drum, bones, | | | of the ear** | cochlea, auditory | | | | nerve, semicircular | | | | canals, pinner | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Name the three | Hammer, anvil, | | | bones in the middle | stirrup | | | ear** | | | | |  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **State the function | Thin layer of | | | of the eardrum** | membrane that picks | | | | up the vibrations of | | | | sounds waves | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **State the function | Amplify the | | | of the hammer, anvil | vibrations | | | and stirrup** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **State the function | Long coiled tube | | | of the cochlea** | filled with liquid | | | | that picks up | | | | vibrations and | | | | changes them to | | | | electrical signals | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **State the function | Carries signals from | | | of the auditory | the ear to the brain | | | nerve** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **State the function | Detect movement in | | | of the semicircular | the head and help | | | canals** | with balance | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **State the function | The outer ear; | | | of the pinna** | directs vibrations | | | | into the ear | | | | | | | | - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+