Kidneys Student Slides PDF

Urinary System Functions of the kidneys Osmolarity and Specific Gravity Filtration Membrane Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) Blood colloid osm...

Urinary System Functions of the kidneys Osmolarity and Specific Gravity Filtration Membrane Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) Blood colloid osmotic pressure (OPg) Capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc) Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) What is the relationship between NFP and GFR? What is the relationship between GFR and urine volume?  What increases GFR? What decreases GFR? Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole Decreased blood pressure Increased blood pressure A larger glomerulus A smaller glomerulus Please note that we will not be covering renal autoregulation or methods of maintaining GFR. Please do not include it when you discuss blood pressure changes. Time for some problems! (you may use notes and the slides) 1. Your patient has cirrhosis of the liver, an organ that produces plasma proteins, and therefore has low blood plasma proteins. How would their NFP, GFR, and urine output be affected and why? 2. Your patient is severely hypertensive with a blood pressure of 300/150 mmHg. Ignoring the more immediate concerns, how would their NFP, GFR, and urine output be affected and why? 3. Your patient is experiencing extreme abdominal pain and upon investigation they are found to have a blockage in their right ureter. How would their NFP, GFR, and urine output be affected and why? Make sure to focus on the renal corpuscle, even if it is upstream of the blockage! Hormones that indirectly affect reabsorption and secretion in the kidneys Renin/Angiotensin II ANP Hormones that directly affect reabsorption and secretion in the kidneys ALDO Parathyroid Hormone ADH  Draw these two scenarios You may use the slides/your notes Principle cells of the CD, no ADH Principle cells of the CD, ADH present Regulation of acids Intercalated A cells Intercalated B cells  Draw this table on the board Location Filtered Not filtered Reabsorbed Secreted Renal corpuscle PCT Descending Loop Ascending Loop DCT and CD ALDO ANP PTH ADH Cells Intercalated A Intercalated B Concentration of Urine at the Loop of Henle Micturition  Storage Reflex Micturition Reflex Baroreceptors (Activated or not?) Sympathetic NS (stimulating or not?) Parasympathetic NS (Stimulating or not?) Detrusor Muscle (relaxed or contracted?) Internal Urethral Sphincter (relaxed or contracted?) External Urethral Sphincter (relaxed or contracted?)