KIDNEY.pdf

1. Cell number increases in lean and obese children into adolescence, but the number increases faster in obese children. In teens and adults, increases in fat cell size are more common. 2. Soy reduces breast cancer risk. 3. Choose the best description of cardiac risk, according t...

1. Cell number increases in lean and obese children into adolescence, but the number increases faster in obese children. In teens and adults, increases in fat cell size are more common. 2. Soy reduces breast cancer risk. 3. Choose the best description of cardiac risk, according to the ATP III guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP): A. The HDL level is the primary marker, followed by the presence of any type of atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary heart disease, carotid artery disease, or peripheral arterial disease, and risk factors (smoking, hypertension, LDL levels greater than 100 mg/dL, age greater than 45, or significant family history). B. The LDL cholesterol level is the primary marker, followed by the presence of coronary heart disease, and risk factors (smoking, hypertension, HDL levels less than 40 mg/dL, age greater than 45, or significant family history). C. The total cholesterol level is the primary marker, followed by the presence of coronary heart disease, and risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, HDL levels less than 40 mg/dL, age greater than 45, or significant family history. D. The patient’s total number of risk factors are significant for ATP III, such as Smoking; hypertension; LDL level less than 40 mg/dL; total cholesterol greater than 240 mg/dL; family history, especially heart 1  disease in a first-degree male family member younger than age 55; diabetes; and age (men older than 45 and women older than 55). 4. Which of the following must the dietitian consider assessing the nutritional status of a patient with end-stage liver disease accurately? A. Nitrogen balance studies B. Creatinine height index C. Anthropometric data including information on weight changes and visual assessment. D. Serum albumin level 5. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). All the following are true about IBD except: A. The average age of onset for IBD is 15 to 30 years old, and IBD occurs equally in both males and females. B. Nutrition is a major issue for both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients; however, malnutrition is likely to be more of a lifelong concern for patients with ulcerative colitis. C. Crohn’s disease can present in any part of the GI tract; however, it most frequently involves the distal ileum and the colon. D. Ulcerative colitis involves the colon and is a continuous disease. 6. 80 years old, female, consumed black coffee, and she added 15 gm of sugar and 30 ml of coconut oil. How much the calories from coffee? 15 gm x 4 = 60 kcal 30 ml x 9 = 270 kcal 2  60 + 270 = 330 kcal Exchange 3 Ex from sugar 6 Ex from fat 7. The chef cut the meat and then cut the vegetables on the same cutting board where the contamination occurred. Cutting Board 8. The chef cooked the meat, and after boiling it for 15 minutes, added the vegetables. What is the name of this stage? Cooked 9. When food arrives, they are separated so that contamination does not occur. Raw chicken, flour, fruits, and vegetables have arrived at the restaurant, whichever is separated so as not to cause contamination. Raw chicken 10. At what degree is fish stored in the freezer for 3 months? ‫ أﺷﮭﺮ واﻟﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬٣ ‫ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮ اﻧﮭﻢ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﺤﺮﯾﮫ وﯾﺨﺰﻧﻮن اﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﻣﺪة‬ 11. Scenario about Defrosting. What is the name of this stage? Defrosting. 12. Scenario about a private hospital that received new products, but still have products that were not consumed. What is the method of consumption? First in First out. 13. What is the best way to measure the internal temperature of cooking? 3 Thermometer. 14. Scenario about preventing foodborne illness. What is the name of this stage? A. Clean B. Separate C. Cook D. Chill 15. A man feels dizzy and sweats a lot and works under sun he drinks a lot of water what the reason. Hyponatremia To prevent hyponatremia during exercise or heat do not drink more than 1-1.5 L. 16. Cell number increases in lean and obese children into adolescence, but the number increases faster in obese children. In teens and adults, increases in fat cell size are more common. 17. Soy reduces breast cancer risk. 18. Bacteria in oyster? Vibrio vulnificus. 19. Bacteria in egg? Salmonella bacteria. 20. Bacteria in unpasteurized milk? Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia, Brucella, Coxiella and Listeria. 21. Older people have a deficiency in any vitamin? cobalamin B12. 4 22. The chef cut the meat and then cut the vegetables on the same cutting board where the contamination occurred: cutting board. 23. The chef cooked the meat, and after boiling it for 15 minutes, added the vegetables. What is the name of this stage: Cooked. 24. When food arrives, they are separated so that contamination does not occur. Raw chicken, flour, fruits, and vegetables have arrived at the restaurant, whichever is separated so as not to cause contamination: Raw chicken. 25. Infection may lead to miscarriage: Listeria monocytogenes. 26. Children drank unpasteurized milk and what kind of bacteria: E.COIL 27. Free food for PUK? Gum. 28. Cholelithiasis? high fiber, low fat. 29. Irritable bowel syndrome diet (IBS)? Low FODMAP Diet. 30. Diet of cystic fibrosis? High energy, High protein, High fat, vitamins and minerals. 31. Patient with ulcer and is bedridden, best nutrient to be given? Arginine, zinc, antioxidant (Vit C). 5 32. Pt has MSDU What kind of restriction will be in the patient's diet? Leucine, isoleucine, valine. 33. Patient with esophageal cancer, dysphagia with severe loss weight, What suitable diet? TPN If GI function improves, Jejunostomy Tube. 34. Obese on the Atkins diet, have symptoms, what is the reason? Ketosis. 35. Most complications of DM type 1? Ketoacidosis. 36. Atherosclerosis deficiency? Vitamin D. 37. A 65-year-old female, presented to your clinic complaining of weakness and shortness of breath and has been taking large doses of Magnesium and aluminum- containing antacids at each meal for dysphasia. For the past two years, she has also been following bland diet. Which of the following mineral deficiencies should be suspected in this patient: Phosphorus (Antacid casing decreases absorption of Phosphorus) 38. Spina bifida caused by deficiency of what? Folic acid deficiency 39. Pregnant women should take supplements to Reduce the risk of neural tube detection. 6 Folate. 40. Heart attacks Vitamin? CoQ10. 41. What vitamin reduces phosphate in ESRD? Niacin. 42. Protein for phenylalanine 6 months? 25 to 47. 43. To what degree is fish stored in the freezer for 3 months? Freezer degree (-18 to -20) The answer depends on Options. Do not choose any degree between Dangerous Zone (40 to 140 F). 44. The freezer is full, and the meat will be placed in the refrigerator For how long the meat will remain in the refrigerator, then I will get rid of it? 2 DAYS 45. deficiency is a common complication in cirrhotic patients. Zinc 46. Medications may be added directly to parenteral nutrition. One of the most common medications provided is. Insulin 47. Iron deficiency anemia is. Microcytic 48. A 7-year-old girl is obese, and her activity is 10 minutes a day. What is the appropriate procedure for her? 7 Increased physical activity. 49. Nutrition Screening tool for cancer patients: PG-SGA. 50. BMI for gestation? 22 * (Normal BMI for gestation above 20) 51. patient taking 2000 kcal, 50% of which are carbohydrates, how many units of insulin does he need? 66.6 52. A person takes 3 servings of carbohydrates for breakfast, 2 servings for lunch, and 2 servings for dinner, how many grams of carbohydrates does he consume? 45 g for breakfast,30 g for lunch,30 g for dinner. 53. Diet for oxalate stone? Reducing dietary oxalate and avoiding herbs. 54. BMI = 44 obese any class? Class 3 55. Complications of PD? 56. Complications FAD diet? 57. A patient with 50% burns, how much protein does he need? Protein children from 2.4 to 4. If an adult is from 1.2 to 2. 58. Celiac disease What should be avoided? Gluten. 8 59. Group of children, 20% eat bananas 10 % eat oranges all drink the same water 50% have diarrhea what reason? Contaminated water. 60. The patient suffering from stomach cancer and will have chemotherapy after a month what type of feeding do you recommend? Jejunostomy tube. 61. Glomuronephritits signs? Hematuria (blood in urine), or proteinuria (protein in urine). 62. A woman after delivery started to lose weight. What would you advise her To continue breastfeeding. 63. Kidneys have an important role in the activity of vitamins: Vitamin D. 64. A 56-year-old male with a known case of Caron’s disease with restriction of his terminal ileum. He has not taken any vitamin supplements following this procedure. He presented to his primary care physicians complaining of numbness and tingling in his hands and feet. Which of the following vitamin deficiency should be suspected: Vitamin B12. 65. 16 years old boy has been taking the antibiotic minocycline for acne for the past 5 years and vitamin deficiency is at risk of developing. Vitamin k. 9 66. A person with chronic kidney disease, who has been following a renal diet for several years begins hemodialysis treatment. An appropriate dietary adjustment would be. Consume protein more liberally (increase protein). 67. Pt had diarrhea for 5 weeks, what is the most complication? Dehydration. 68. A patient with type 2 diabetes, age 45, body mass index of 44, goes to a nutrition clinic. He could not adhere to healthy food and physical activity. What action should he take? bariatric surgery. 69. For a group of people dependent on smoked fish, what is the appropriate procedure to improve the quality of food? Avoid smoking fish. 70. Patient with dumping syndrome the plan should include. 5 to 6 small meals daily 71. People who are dependent on meat, what can happen to them? Colon Cancer, or Gout. The answer depends on Options. 72. A patient suffering from fractures and issues in bone marrow? Vitamin D, or Calcium. The answer depends on Options. 73. A pregnant woman is suffering from gestational diabetes her baby's (infants) BMI will be. 10 Overweight 74. The difference between DM1 and DM2 T1DM (autoimmune) dysfunction of the beta cells that excrete insulin to the cells, there is no insulin in the body. 75. A survey among school children shows that a high percentage of them had goiter what the supplement? Iodine 76. Pt with esophageal cancer and low appetite and nutritional needs? Jejunostomy or TPN 77. What do call the non-nutritive things that are important for health? Flavonoids and Probiotics 78. Suitable age for solid food for babies About 6 months can start, and at the age of 7 or 8 months, your child can eat a variety of food. 79. Defect enzyme in MSUD? Branch chain and keto acid dehydrogenase complex enzyme. 80. Iron deficiency is common in both hemodialysis and peritoneal patients due to the kidney's inability to make adequate … hormone to produce red blood cells. Erythropoietin 81. Waist circumference is recommended for men … cm and … cm for women. Men