Key Skills in Tourism Business Notes (1) PDF

Yael Unit 2 I. Change Management Definition Change management = a structured approach or process used by organizations to plan for and implement significant changes such as : → operations → processes → s...

Yael Unit 2 I. Change Management Definition Change management = a structured approach or process used by organizations to plan for and implement significant changes such as : → operations → processes → structures → technologies → culture Key Components: Strategies: Plans and actions designed to achieve smooth implementation. Methodologies: Frameworks and techniques used to manage change effectively. Tools: Practical instruments and resources to support change processes. Focus Areas: → Facilitating smooth transitions. → Helping employees and stakeholders adapt to new ways of working. Goals: → smooth transitions → achieving desired outcomes → supporting people For example, if a company adopts a new software system, change management helps the staff understand and use it, ensuring the company benefits from the upgrade without major issues. Change in historical moments Industrial Revolution Abolition of Slavery Digital Revolution Nowadays late 18th-early 19th 19th 20th 21th → economy shift from → transition from → computer, internet → European Expansion farming to industry slave-based to wage labor → major changes in work and free market economy → adaptation to new → Climate change (travail salarié) products and services mitigation (factories) and technology (steam engine) → social and economic → people had to earn → COVID-19 → people had to adapted : adjustments digital skills moving in cities, new labor → wars : ukraine, practices russia Current changes in the tourism industry → Social media : travelers sharing experiences, recommendations, influencers → Online review : rating = assessing the quality = trusted source for travelers Collaborative Economy: → Provides alternative accommodation (e.g., Airbnb) and transportation options (e.g., ride-sharing apps). → Disrupts traditional tourism models by introducing more flexible and peer-to-peer services. Personalization → Big data and AI offer tailored recommendations and experiences. → Boosts customer satisfaction and loyalty. Smart Travel → Smart tech like wearables, GPS, and smart luggage improve convenience. → Provides real-time information and smooth navigation. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) → Enables travelers to explore destinations virtually before booking. → Creates immersive travel experiences. Security and Health Concerns → Events like 9/11 and COVID-19 increased security and health protocols. → Stricter measures influence travel decisions. Globalization and New Destinations → More countries are open to tourism, offering diverse and exotic destinations. → Emerging markets in Asia, Africa, and South America are becoming popular. Shift in Travel Motivations → Millennials and Gen Z prioritize experiences over possessions. → Growth in adventure tourism, cultural immersion, and off-the-beaten-path travel. Accessibility → Better transportation infrastructure, like high-speed trains and budget airlines. → Travel is now accessible to more people. Regulatory Changes → Governments have introduced new regulations and taxes on tourism. → These changes affect pricing and influence tourism practices. Space Tourism → Space tourism is an emerging development in the tourism industry. → Companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin aim to make space travel accessible to civilians Structure of change management Our environment constantly change Perception of life changed in recent decades Culture oriented to have Culture oriented to be Industrial era Current era → employee mentality → entrepreneurial attitude → orders are obeyed → ideas are proposed → financial security → financial freedom → mechanical routine → creative vocation Resistance to change Causes : afraid, lack of effort, not leaving the comfort zone Antidotes : anticipation, active participation in the change process, acceptance The boiling frog syndrome → metaphor : is about not noticing small problems because they happen slowly → can happen to businesses, relationships, or even health—small issues get ignored because they seem minor at first Example : Imagine you're in a room, and the temperature gets hotter very slowly. If the change is slow enough, you might not notice until it becomes too uncomfortable or even dangerous. System Management The Change Curve in change management is a model that shows how people typically react to and adapt to significant changes over time. It’s based on the emotional stages individuals go through when facing change. II. Teamwork → Group of individuals who come together to collaborate and achieve common goals within an organization : achieving tasks, solving problems, driving organizational success… Teamwork characteristics : → shared mission → united members each of them has a specific complementary role → set of responsibilities : tasks are completed on time → effective communication and cooperation → continuous improvement → resolve conflicts constructively Team problems : conflict, ambiguity, overload… Efficient teams have : 1- common goals and objectives 2- differents and complementary profiles 3- roles and tasks assigned to each person 4- established processes (plan, adjusting, managing…) 5- celebrate progress and learn from mistakes Personality theory : Gustav Jung, swiss psychiatrist → he believed that individuals have inherent psychological preferences that influence how they perceive the world, make decisions, and interact with others. Type indicator (MBTI) : Categorizes people into one of 16 personality types based on their preferences in four dichotomies. Types of personality in teams