Panukat Ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP) PDF

Katutubong Panukat na Sikolohikal: Indigenous Choice of traits was from foreign-made tests, Scarcity Personality Measurement. of indigenous measures. PANUKAT NG PAGKATAONG PILIPINO What does the PPP measure? By: Annada...

Katutubong Panukat na Sikolohikal: Indigenous Choice of traits was from foreign-made tests, Scarcity Personality Measurement. of indigenous measures. PANUKAT NG PAGKATAONG PILIPINO What does the PPP measure? By: Annadaisy J. Carlota The PPP assesses 19 dimensions grouped as follows, Annadaisy J. Carlota each group comprising : - Full-time faculty member of the Department of Psychology in the University of the Porma K/ Form K (Personality dimensions relevant to Philippines (UP Diliman) from 1965 until interpersonal relationships) – 90 items which assess 2012. the following: - She has also served as Chair of the Department - Pagkamaalalahanin/ Thoughtfulness and as Director of the Office of Admissions. - Pagkamadaldal/ Social Curiosity - She teaches psychological measurement, - Pagkamagalang/ Respectfulness psychological assessment, developmental psychology and research methods in the same - Pagkamaramdamin/ Sensitiveness university. - Pagkamasunurin/ Obedience - She has an A.B. (Psychology) degree from the University of the Philippines and Ph.D. and - Pagkamatulungin/ Helpfulness M.A. degrees in Psychology from the - Pagkamaunawain/ Capacity to be University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign. Understanding - Pagkapalakaibigan/ Sociability OVERVIEW: The Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP) is a personality test which assesses nineteen (19) traits. The test is intended for the age-range of 13 years Porma S/ Form S (Personal traits) – 80 items which and above, although usage has mostly been with assess: adults. At present, the PPP is available in the original Pilipino version as well as in English. - Pagkamaayos/ Orderliness - Pagkamahinahon/ Emotional Stability The 19 traits of the PPP have been clustered into three forms as follows: - Pagkamapagkumbaba/ Humility Porma K/Form K – includes those traits that - Pagkamasayahin/ Cheerfulness are salient for interpersonal relations. - Pagkamatapat/ Honesty Porma S/Form S – consists of personal traits, - Pagkamatiyaga/ Patience and - Pagkaresponsable/ Responsibility Porma KS/Form KS – an intelligence-creativity cluster. Porma KS/ Form KS (Intelligence and creativity) – 40 items which assess: There are two types of norms for the PPP namely: percentiles and standardized scores. - Pagkamalikhain/ Creativity It was initiated in 1978 and was motivated by several - Pagkamapagsapalaran/ Risk Taking factors such as: - Pagkamasikap/ Achievement Orientation Lack of agreement among Filipino researchers about - Pagkamatalino/ Intelligence the most salient dimensions of Filipino personality How was the PPP developed? on sensitiveness and patience. Current researches on Sixteen (16) of the traits included in the PPP were the PPP: Based on analysis of data obtained from identified on the basis of the results of a survey which college students in 2012 asked a heterogeneous group of persons: (a) To describe themselves, someone they liked and How is the PPP used? someone they disliked; (b) To define traits mentioned; and 1. Target users of the PPP: Age range of 13 years (c) To provide a description of a behavior that and older exemplified a particular trait. 2. Uses of the PPP: For research, for screening 425 items in the form of statements were constructed for employment, screening for acceptance into for the 16 traits identified by the survey and 3 others programs, for counseling which were a personal interest to the author were included (for a total of 19 traits across the three forms) 3. Language of the PPP: The test was originally – the items were pretested on a sample comparable to constructed in Pilipino; an English version is the survey respondents. also available Pretest scores were analyzed using item-total 4. Administration of the PPP: correlations – for every dimension, the relevant items were correlated with the subtotal scores yielded by the a. The test may be administered to groups or to group of items constituting the subtest of that individual; for test takers who areproficient in dimension. reading and writing in Pilipino and/or English, the test may be selfadministered. Test booklets The internal consistency reliabilities for varying are reusable; responses are written on answer subgroups of items for each subtest, the initial item sheets. pool was reduced to 220 items; after further examination of subtest reliability coefficients, the total b. All three forms may be administered as a set to number of items was reduced to the present 210 produce a 19-trait personality profile; or each (across the 19 subscales) form may be administered individually for a profile on a selected cluster of traits; or items What data are available about the PPP’s reliability pertaining to traits of interest may be selected and validity? from across the different forms and combined into a single test form. In its present form, the internal consistency reliabilities of the subtests in each the three Forms, K, S and KS, c. Each of the longer forms (Form K and Form range from: S) usually takes 20 to 30 minutes to administer; Form KS in 10 to 20 minutes. If all Form K:.56 to.84 Mean reliability coefficient:.69 three forms (total of 210 items) are administered, it usually takes about 50 minutes Form S:.70 to.89 Mean reliability coefficient:.81 to 1 hour (maximum of 1 and 30 minutes) to complete the testing. Form KS:.51 to.78 Mean reliability coefficient:.72 d. Scoring of the PPP: The scoring of the PPP is Among others, validity studies on the PPP include: done manually with the use of scoring stencil Correlations of various PPP subtests with parallel - Each item is scored on a 5 point scale subtests of existing personality measures such as the positively stated items are scored 5 to 1 from Panukat ng Ugali’t Pagkatao (PUP), the Gordon the Lubos na sumasang-ayon/ Strongly agree Personal Inventory (GPI) – correlations were in the to the Lubos na di sumasang-ayon/Strongly predicted direction although not all of them were disagree; scoring is reversed for negatively statistically significant; stated items. Correlations of PPP scores on risk taking and - The total score for each personality trait is sociability with scores on the behavioral criteria of risk obtained by summating the scores from the taking on a card guessing game and behavioral relevant items of for that particular trait. manifestations of sociability in a contrived situation, respectively; e. Interpreting the PPP: - The PPP has two types of norms that may use A multitrait-multimethod study which obtained for the interpretation of scores obtained: convergent and divergent validity for the PPP subtests percentiles, and normalized standardized  scores with a mean of 50 and a standard He earned his B.A. in Philosophy at the University of deviation of 10. the Philippines (UP) in 1961. Two years later, he joined the UP Department of Psychology as a faculty - A graphic personality profile maybe drawn on member. In 1965, Enriquez was among the few the profile chart on the first page of the answer academics teaching psychology in the Filipino sheet. language. He took graduate studies at Northwestern University in the United States, where he obtained his M.A. in psychology in 1970 and Ph.D. in social How is the PPP accessed? psychology in 1971. Available for purchase - A PPP set includes the following: reusable test booklets, answer sheets, Author: Ma. Angeles Lapeňa scoring stencils and a test manual through the UP Department of Psychology Is a faculty member of the Psychology Department of De La Salle University. For educational institutions, the PPP may also be accessed through the services of the Center for She was Chair of the DLSU Psychology Department Educational Measurement (CEM) (2007-2010 and 1994-1996), and of the Behavioral Sciences Department (1986-1990). Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao By: Enriquez and Guanzon-Lapena Her field of expertise is in psychometrics and social science methodologies, and her name is linked with the History: To further assess the indigineous knowledge Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, a in learning our values and quantifying them, in 1975, national organization of Filipino social scientists. Virgillio G. Enriquez has come up with a test that does not only covers Filipino values but our neighboring Ms. Lapeña has a number of published and countries as well. unpublished works, and is a frequent resource person on systems evaluation, survey research, human After years of re-evaluating, the test has finally resource and organizational development, Filipino introduced at the International Conference on personality research and assessment, cognitive and Personality Assessment together with Ma. Angeles C. affective test development, and classroom test Guanzon as his co-researcher. PUP in its earliest form construction. was only including 13 traits (mahiyain, pikon, sumpungin, matiyaga,mapagmasid/mausisa, She earned her AB in Psychology (cum laude) at the maramdamin, matulungin, sunodsunoran, matigas University of the Philippines, her masteral studies in ang ulo,mapag-isa, mapagkumbaba,malakas/mahina psychology at the State University, and has done ang loob ang mahirap kausapin) which was later course work towards a Ph.D. in Counseling added with 12 more set of traits (ambisyoso, sigurista, Psychology at the De La Salle University. kuripot , magalang,malikhain, mapagtimpi, palaaway,pintasera,relihiyosa,responsible, What is Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao? mapagbigay and salawahan) after a pretest data The Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) is an analysis. Finally, the test was agreed to have a total of indigenous personality test developed by Virgilio G. 24 trait scales that will be included in the Form A. Enriquez, also known as the “Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino. The said test is known to tap specific values, Author: Virgilio G. Enriquez traits and behavioral dimensions related or meaningful to the study of Southeast Asian Known as the father of Filipino Psychology o "Ama ng personality—specifically, Filipinos. These cultural Sikolohiyang Pilipino", Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez values were taken from the following: proverbs, social Pioneered on the effective use of Indigenous Methods science studies, interviews with informants etc. in Philippine Social Science Research. Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (National Purpose of the Test: As a personality test, the PUP Organization of Filipino Psychology) a field he lives its potential in tapping the personality dimensions established in 1975. of a Southeast Asian’s values. The test possesses the following items: 24 trait scales (119 items), 2 validity Born in Bulacan on November 24, 1942, he was the checks (14 items), 19 items of “inaaming ugali” and 8 youngest child of Arsenio Enriquez and Rosario distractor items. Gaspar. Enriquez finished his elementary education at the Espiritu Santo Parochial School and his secondary Uses of the Test: The PUP revised version now has schooling at Colegio de San Juan de Letran. 160 randomized items written in Tagalog and translated in English. This test also has Form A (used in personality tapping traits, values and behaviors) and Form B that differs as the items are determined 12. Pagkasalawahan (ficklemindendess) rationally. The said Form A is translated in Bicolano, 13. Pagkasigurista (risk-taking) Cebuano, Ilocano, Ilonggo, Waray, Maranao, English 14. Pagkasunud-sunuran (conformity) and Bahasa Indonesia. 15. Sumpong (mood) 16. Tigas ng ulo (stubbornness) The PUP is now used locally and internationally 17. Pagkamahiyain (shyness/ timidity) (including Indonesia) in assessing one’s personality 18. Pagkamapagbigay(generosity) specifically Filipinos and Southeast Asians 19. Pagkamapagkumbaba (humility) (Malaysian, Singapore etc.) 20. Pagkamatulungin(helpfulness) 21. Pagkamapunahin(criticalness) Administration: The PUP is a self-administering test 22. Pagkamaramdamin (senstiveness) and can be done in about 30 minutes. This test can be 23. Pagkamapagtimpi (restraint) administered individually or to groups. For each 24. Pagkamalikhain (creativity) dimension, items are positively stated and others are negatively stated. For every item, the examinee is asked to indicate with the use of a 5-point scale his/her degree of agreement about the applicability of the item through shading circles or computerized input. Scale labels: Hinding hindi, Hindi, Walang Masabi, Totoo and Totoong Totoo No item should be skipped by the examinee; each item has only one answer in the answer sheet. Materials Needed: Make sure that the examinee is in a well-lit space and free from distractions. They will be asked to read the test while their pencil and eraser are ready. Instructions and complete sample questions are provided on the front page of the test booklet. An answer sheet will be also provided. Scoring: The PUP is scored either manually, using 15 scoring acetates, or using its computerized scoring system. Items are scored in the positive direction and some items in the negative direction i.e. a low score on an item means that the respondent has more of the trait being measured by the item. The total score for each personality dimension is obtained by summating the scores for that particular dimension. The percentiles and standardized scores corresponding to the raw score totals are obtained from norms tables (male and female) The 24 traits scales 1. Ambisyon (ambition) 2. Katipiran (thriftiness) 3. Katiyagaan (perseverance) 4. Hirap kausapin (approachability) 5. Lakas ng loob (guts/daring) 6. Pagkamaalalahanin (thoughtfulness) 7. Pagkamagalang (respectfulness) 8. Pagkamausisa (inquisitiveness) 9. Pagkapalaaway (aggressiveness) 10. Pagkapikon (low tolerance for joking/teasing) 11. Pagkaresponsable (responsibleness)  (-) Pagkamapunahin (Criticalness) (-) Pagkapalaaway (Belligerence) (-) Hirap Kausapin (Difficulty to Deal) (+) Pagkamapagkumbaba (Humility) (+) Pagkamatulungin (Helpfulness) (+) Pagkamapagbigay (Generosity ) IV. Conscientiousness - differentiates individuals who are hardworking, persevering, organized, and responsible from those who are impulsive, irresponsible, undependable and lazy. (-) Pagkasalawahan (Ficklemindedness) (+) Katiyahaan (Perseverance) (-) Tigas ng Ulo (Stubbornness) (+) Pagkaresponsable (Responsibleness) V. Intellect Openness to Experience - the extent to which an individual is imaginative, cultured, broad-minded, and curious versus concrete minded, practical, and has narrow interest. (+) Pagkamausisa (Inquisitiveness) (+)Pagkamaalalahanin(Thoughtfulness) (+) Pagkamalikahain (Creativity) They use common scoring factors such as: mean score, mean description, percentile score and percentile 5 Domains of Personality Traits under PUP description. The following is the interpretation percentile scores: I. Extraversion/Surgency II. Agreeableness High = 85 and above, above average = 60 and above, III. Conscientiousness average = 40 and above, below average = 20 and IV. Emotional Stability above and low = 0 and above. V. Intellect/Openness to Experience There will be a given explanation for the “Claimed I. Extraversion o Surgency - assesses the degree to Characteristics” and both validity checks “Pagkakaila which an individual is sociable, gregarious, assertive and Kaugalian will be measured if their responses are and leader-like versus quiet, reserved, mannerly and considered invalid or not. The trait with the highest withdrawn. score will be included in the “Kabuuan” or the final results of the test. (-) Pagkasunud-sunuran (Conformity) (+) ambisyon (Ambition) Locally-Developed Psychological Tests (-) Pagkamahiyain (Shyness) By: Cipres-Ortega and Guanzon-Lapena (+) Lakas ng loob (Guts) Prof. Ma. Angeles G. Lapeña is a research fellow at II. Emotional Stability - this dimension of personality the DLSU Social Development Research Center and concerns the extent to which individuals are calm, former faculty member of the Department of steafy, cool, and self-confident versus anxious, Psychology of the DLSU College of Liberal Arts. She insecure, worried, and emotional. graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1975 and a Master of Arts in Psychology in 1983 from UP (+) Pagkamatimpi (Restraint) Diliman. She is considered as a guiding angel who (-) Pagkapikon (Low tolerance for teasing) helps the young people, whose lives she touched, to (-) Pagkamaramdamin (Sensitiveness) realize their full potential through education both (-) Sumpong (Mood) inside and outside the classroom. While involved in a Psychology course in UP, she collaborated with her III. Agreeableness - measures the degree to which professors to indigenize the practice of Psychology. individuals are sympathetic, cooperative, The later output is the Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao, good-natured, and warm versus grumpy, unpleasant, an assessment tool that is used until today. disagreeable, and cold. Dr. Guanzon-Lapeña is also the author of several handles courses on statistics, psychological books and articles on Filipino psychology, including measurement, and personality traits. the book "Indigenous Psychology: Understanding People in Context". This book is one of the most He is a member of the National Research Council of influential books on Filipino psychology and it has the Philippines, the Psychological Association of the helped to promote the field to a wider audience. Philippines, and the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Susan Cipres-Ortega - is a Filipina psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of the Philippines He has served as consultant at the Civil Service Diliman. She is a pioneer in the field of Filipino Commission for their personality and ability testing psychology and has made significant contributions to concerns. the understanding of Filipino personality and culture. Together with a group of advanced graduate students She is best known for her research on Filipino national in the Personality program at UP, he has recently identity and the development of indigenous completed the Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob psychological concepts and methods. She has (Mapa ng Loob), a personality inventory published numerous articles and books on these topics, operationalizing the FiveFactor Model with twenty including the book "Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, facet scales. Metodo at Gamit" (Filipino Psychology: Theory, Method and Application) He obtained his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Paris X Nanterre. Cipres-Ortega and Guanzon-Lapeña (1997) documented and organized the information on Is a 188-item Filipino self-report personality inventory. both published and unpublished work in the area of It has a five-factor structure made up of 20 scales, psychological measurement, and saw a recent upsurge which results in 4 scales for each of the five factors or in the development of indigenous psychological domains (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, measures. Interest has grown by leaps and bounds Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). from the handful of tests in educational psychology which were locally developed in the 1950s, to the It has two additional scales which belong to two interest in personality testing of the projective type in domains, and one social desirability scale. the 1960s. They further noted that ‘‘the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self- perception, personality As with similar instruments such as the NEO-PI and and vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased the HEXACO, an individual can be scored on each of interest in personality testing, with a number of the 5 larger domains, but also on each of the more researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the specific trait scales. Filipino adolescent. And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of Filipino The Mapa was developed by academics and students characteristics. working at the University of the Philippines Diliman, for use with young adult and adult Filipino Filipino Characteristics: respondents. It is currently available for purchase in pen-and-paper and online formats. - Katalinuhan (intelligence) - Pagkarelihiyoso (religiosity) A total of 650 items were initially made with the help - Kaasalang-sekswal (sexual behavior) of his undergraduate students enrolled in psychological - Kakayahang magdala ng tension (ability to measurement classes. This pool of items was further handle stress) reviewed to discard sets of items with high similarity. - Pagkamabahala (anxiety) Meanwhile, items that best represent each of the sets - Kahustuhang emosyonal (emotional stability) were retained and subjected to empirical testing for six - Kakayahang berbal sa Filipino (verbal ability times. The development of the test lasted for four years in Filipino) wherein final version becomes available year 2013. - Filipino management style - Empathy Generally, the items content revolves around how - Trustworthiness emotional, sociable, hardworking, modest and open Filipinos are. Below are the Filipino personality traits New Developed Indigenous/Local that this inventory aims to measure; Psychological Tests: MASAKLAW NA PANUKAT NG LOOB (MAPA NG LOOB) Neuroticism - Hina ng Loob (Vulnerability to Stress) Pagkamaramdamin (Oversensitiveness), Gregorio E.H. Del Pilar is a professor at the Pagkamapag-alala (Apprehensiveness) and Department of Psychology, UP Diliman, where he Pagkasumpungin (Moodiness) Extraversion - Pagkamasiyahin (Cheerfulness), Pagkapalakaibigan (Friendliness), Pagkamasigla (Energy) and Pagkamadaldal (Loquaciousness) Openness to Experience - Kakaibang pag-iisip (Original Thinking), Hilig saBagong Kaalaman (Intellectual Curiosity), Pagkamakasining (Aesthetic Sensitivity) and Pagkamaharaya (Imaginativeness) Agreeableness - Pagkadimayabang (Modesty) Pagkamapagtiwala (Capacity for Trust) Pagkamaunawain (Capacity for Misunderstanding) Pagkamapagmaraya (Obligingness) Conscientious - Pagkamasikap (Achievement Orientation), Pagkamapagplan (Planfulness),Pagkaresponsable (Responsibleness) and Pagkamaingat (Carefulness) Administration: The author of the inventory test introduced both-and-paper format and online format as modes of administration. Moreover, it can be administered within school premises or classroom setting with a group of students. The test can be administered to college students, with ages ranging from 16 to 23. Scoring of the Test: The inventory test is a five-point Likert scale that measures one's agreeableness on each item.Test takers indicates their level of agreement or disagreement on a scale of 1-5 (1: Strongly Disagree; 5 Strongly Agree).For each of the five domains, ratings on facet 1 up to 4 is added (e.g.,Rating score on Neuroticism = rating on Hina ng Loob + rating on Pagkamaramdamin + rating on Pagkamapag-alala + rating on Pagkasumpungin) Validity: The Masaklaw na Panunukat ng Loob test has high content validity as showed in the factor validity and correlation tests. It was revealed that the median absolute value discriminant validity correlation per scale ranged from.07 to.27, will all of the five domains scales showed to be significantly correlated with the 20-item facets (Del Pilar, 2017) This indicated that the test is indeed a representative of all the aspects of the construct being measured which in this case are the Filipino personality traits.