Kami Export - B1.1 Carbohydrates and Lipids (SL) - v2 PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by TimeHonoredTrust
PETER MARIER
Tags
Summary
This document details the chemical properties of carbon and its role in forming diverse compounds essential for life. The text explains that all biomolecules contain the element carbon, and why life is said to be 'carbon-based'. It covers how carbon, with its four valence electrons, forms various covalent bonds, creating a wide range of compounds crucial for living organisms.
Full Transcript
7 3 Theme : Form and Function Level of Organization : Molecules Written and drawn by : PETER MARIER B1.1.1—Chemical properties of a carbon atom allowing for the formation...
7 3 Theme : Form and Function Level of Organization : Molecules Written and drawn by : PETER MARIER B1.1.1—Chemical properties of a carbon atom allowing for the formation of diverse compounds upon which life is based. Chemistry review Biomolecules : molecules found in living organisms which are essential to living processes & Atoms most stable when their outer valence full. are shell is complete or They can achieve this through All biomolecules contains the element carbon why life said to be "carb-based" , this is is bonding with other atoms by either transferring ionic or sharing covalent electrons & The first shell can hold 2, second 8 and third 8. Carbon has 4 so readily shares these to get8 what chemical properties allows carbon to form necessary for life such a large variety of compounds ? · Carbon has 4 valence electrons , allowing it to form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms · Carbon can share I , 2 , or 3 pairs of electrons with another atom forming : L ⑧ & & covalent bond ↳ double covalent bond & covalent bond electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei single triple 6 pt and shared pair of e a negative electrons ① ① Gno e e O & C L O C. C C : C · · e e c C ⑧ e covalent bonds are the strongest type O of bonds thus require a lot of energy to O C break-leading to stable compounds · :C C: · CC. · Carbon forms many molecular shapes : · Carbon can form covalent bonds with other carbons and non-metal atoms , providing much diversity -unbranched chains ~ branched chains linear chains - bent chains - & single rings multi-ringed HO such as : Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur H H H O H H O H H H H CH2 , , , , eX : H C 2 C C N C C H 22 ( 2 H H 2 C H HO C g H H OH -.. molecule : must contain carbon and OH H H C C O 2 OH H C organic hydrogen H H H Hz( C CHz & OH C ethanol Chy H H H HC C eX : CHsOH , methane are organic OH CHz H OH HO CO2 carbon dioxide NHz ammonia are inorganic , saturated fatty acid valine amino acid butyne unsaturated fatty acid glucose cholesterol · carbon-based molecules can be short I carbon or very long with no real limit some containing thousands of carbons · When there are different groups around a carbon they can be arranged in , different , mirrored orientations , each having different biological interactions biomolecules have functional groups attacked to groups have different differently I many a. These carbon skeleton properties and react H2 - 0 0 - C H L called ex : HC OH HOC H optical isomers & & NH2 amine LOH alcohol
